As the kimono, the traditional form of Japanese dress, had no pockets, the Japanese men suspended small items they needed to take with them, such as tobacco pouches, purses, pipes and writing implements on a silk cord from their sash, and stop the cord slipping, it was fed through a toggle - a netsuke.

Originally the toggle was made from found objects such as roots or shells, which were selected for their aesthetic appeal, but over time the toggle itself developed as an art form. Many fine carvers devoted themselves to netsuke, but the demand was so great, that their manufacture was taken up by other craft persons such as lacquerers, metal artists and potters.

While ivory is the most commonly used material, netsuke were also made from wood, bone, lacquer, metal and other materials.

The custom of wearing netsuke flourished in Japan for more than three centuries - from around 1600 more...

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Rare ebony netsuke of a long horn beetle, with ojime by Vaughan…

Ebony Horn Beetle Netsuke by Vaughan Cottle

Rare ebony netsuke of a long horn beetle, with ojime by Vaughan Cottle, 1989, seal mark VHC, in presentation box

A signed Japanese netsuke, man with a double gourd, Meiji…

Japanese Netsuke: Man with Double Gourd

A signed Japanese netsuke, man with a double gourd, Meiji period (1868-1912), a seated traditionally attired man in a lightly incised and inked robe, oppressed by the weight of a gigantic double gourd; signed underside. Height 6 cm

A Japanese netsuke, Edo period (1603-1868), 19th century,…

Edo Period Japanese Netsuke: Taiko Drum Players

A Japanese netsuke, Edo period (1603-1868), 19th century, Intricately carved as two figures playing a Taiko drum, signed Minkoku, 4 cm high. Provenance: Jan Bayer collection, Melbourne. Purchased from Jan Bayer, January 1978.

Japanese late Meiji period netsuke, carved in the form of a…

Demon Netsuke with Scroll and Basket

Japanese late Meiji period netsuke, carved in the form of a demon stepping through a scroll with basket, signed verso, height 4.2 cm

Japanese Kuroyaki netsuke of a Mouse, Meiji period, 19th…

Meiji Mouse Netsuke with Inlaid Eyes and Nut

Japanese Kuroyaki netsuke of a Mouse, Meiji period, 19th century, with inlaid eyes, holding a nut, unsigned, length 4.3 cm

Late Edo period carved tiger (imaginary) netsuke Material:…

Edo Tiger Netsuke by Tadatoms (1840)

Late Edo period carved tiger (imaginary) netsuke Material: Kohutan, maker: Tadatoms, c.1840, purchased Nagoya, Japan c.1960

Netsuke, man & fish

Man and Fish Netsuke

Netsuke, man & fish

Japanese 19th century carved ebony netsuke cat like from,…

Ebony Netsuke Cat from 19th Century Japan

Japanese 19th century carved ebony netsuke cat like from, signed to base, purchased Nagoya, Japan c.1960

Carved, signed mammoth tooth netsuke, three frogs in a basket

Frog Trio Mammoth Tooth Netsuke

Carved, signed mammoth tooth netsuke, three frogs in a basket

Japanese 19th century carved antler netsuke of monkey & 2…

Monkey and Children Netsuke

Japanese 19th century carved antler netsuke of monkey & 2 children, Purchased Nagoya, Japan c.1960

Antique Japanese carved mammoth tusk netsuke, beautifully…

Japanese Carved Mammoth Tusk Netsuke: Fisherman, Koi Carp, Turtles

Antique Japanese carved mammoth tusk netsuke, beautifully carved group figure of fisherman and koi carp and turtles, signed to base, height 4 cm

Mammoth tooth man netsuke, holding a gourd with boy, hand…

Mammoth Tooth Netsuke with Gourd and Boy

Mammoth tooth man netsuke, holding a gourd with boy, hand carved, signed

Japanese Netsuke, dog with pup, signed

Signed Japanese Netsuke: Dog and Pup

Japanese Netsuke, dog with pup, signed

Antique Japanese young man resting netsuke circa 1920, width 5…

1920 Japanese Resting Netsuke

Antique Japanese young man resting netsuke circa 1920, width 5 cm

Mammoth tooth netsuke, finely detailed and signed

Mammoth tooth netsuke, finely detailed and signed

Rat and pumpkin netsuke, hand carved as a pumpkin with leaves…

Articulated Rat and Pumpkin Netsuke

Rat and pumpkin netsuke, hand carved as a pumpkin with leaves and rats feeding, one articulated, signed to rear

A Japanese netsuke of a frog & snail on a mushroom, Meiji…

A Japanese netsuke of a frog & snail on a mushroom, Meiji period, signature to stem, length 5.5 cm

Japanese Meiji period netsuke, carved in the form of resting…

Resting Cat Netsuke with Climbing Mouse

Japanese Meiji period netsuke, carved in the form of resting cat with mouse climbing up its back, signature to base, length 4.5 cm

Fine Japanese carved netsuke, carved in the form of a young boy…

Japanese Netsuke: Boy on Catfish

Fine Japanese carved netsuke, carved in the form of a young boy riding upon the back of a cat fish, signed, length 4.5 cm

Mammoth tooth netsuke, detailed carved, signed, rats on woven…

Carved Mammoth Tooth Netsuke with Rats and Mat

Mammoth tooth netsuke, detailed carved, signed, rats on woven mat

A blackwood netsuke of an aubergine, carved signature Tanaka…

Edo Era Aubergine Netsuke by Tanaka Minko

A blackwood netsuke of an aubergine, carved signature Tanaka Minko [1775-1825], Edo period, Japan, condition: missing the worm, length 4.3 cm, height 5 cm

Four Japanese netsuke, 19th century the largest 5 cm

19th Century Japanese Netsuke Collection

Four Japanese netsuke, 19th century the largest 5 cm

A group of three Japanese figural netsuke, each depicted as…

Japanese Figural Netsuke Trio

A group of three Japanese figural netsuke, each depicted as traditional style figures, finely cross hatched and patterned with decorative staining in red, green black and brown. Height 5 cm.

A Meiji period Hornbill netsuke, featuring an okimono, signed…

Meiji Hornbill Netsuke with Okimono, Ushitora Signature

A Meiji period Hornbill netsuke, featuring an okimono, signed Ushitora, length 46 mm

Mammoth tooth netsuke, beautifully detailed of a seated man…

Mammoth tooth netsuke, beautifully detailed of a seated man with Turtle

Edo/Meiji period Japanese netsuke, carved antler netsuke…

Edo/Meiji period Japanese netsuke, carved antler netsuke depicting monkey with offspring, height 3.5 cm

Antique Japanese carved antler netsuke of a priest

Japanese Priest Netsuke Carved Antler

Antique Japanese carved antler netsuke of a priest

Japanese Kuroyaki netsuke of a Mouse, Meiji period, 19th…

Kuroyaki Mouse Netsuke with Inlaid Eyes and Nut

Japanese Kuroyaki netsuke of a Mouse, Meiji period, 19th century, with inlaid eyes, holding a nut, unsigned, length 4.3 cm

Japanese netsuke. Depicting a seated monkey, horn inlaid eyes.…

Seated Monkey Netsuke with Horn Inlaid Eyes

Japanese netsuke. Depicting a seated monkey, horn inlaid eyes. Signed in an oval reserve

Japanese late Meiji period netsuke, carved in the form of an…

Meiji Period Netsuke: Riding Figure on Horseback

Japanese late Meiji period netsuke, carved in the form of an elongated figure riding a horse, etched and inked decoration, signature to base, height 7.5 cm

Rare 19th century netsuke in carved ebony showing two…

Ebony Netsuke with Internal Seated Gentlemen

Rare 19th century netsuke in carved ebony showing two theatrical masks, opening to reveal a group of three gentlemen seated internally

Vintage lacquered netsuke of a dancing man, with coloured…

Dancing Man Netsuke with Crane and Pointed Hat

Vintage lacquered netsuke of a dancing man, with coloured highlights, wearing a pointed hat and with a sacred crane on his back. Provenance: Purchased 'Japanese and Other Works of Art' June 1975. Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc. New York.

Four Japanese deer antler netsuke, 19th century the largest 10…

19th Century Japanese Deer Antler Netsuke Set

Four Japanese deer antler netsuke, 19th century the largest 10 cm high

Reclining rat netsuke, modelled of recumbent rat resting on…

Relaxed Rat on Rocking Chair Netsuke

Reclining rat netsuke, modelled of recumbent rat resting on rocking chair, signed to base

19th century Japanese carved netsuke of an old warrior, signed

Ancient Warrior Netsuke

19th century Japanese carved netsuke of an old warrior, signed

A Japanese carved amber netsuke in the form of a sitting dog,…

Meiji Period Amber Netsuke: Sitting Dog

A Japanese carved amber netsuke in the form of a sitting dog, Meiji period, 19th/20th century, 4 cm high, 5 cm long

A Japanese carved netsuke of a Shishi, Meji period, signed…

Meiji Netsuke: Carved Shishi by Tamayuki

A Japanese carved netsuke of a Shishi, Meji period, signed Tamayuki, length 52 mm.

A netsuke of a scholar' s rock, Meiji period

Meiji Scholar Rock Netsuke

A netsuke of a scholar' s rock, Meiji period

A signed Japanese netsuke of a man Building a chair, Meiji…

Japanese Netsuke: Chair Builder

A signed Japanese netsuke of a man Building a chair, Meiji period, 1868-1912, Inked and engraved, depicting a man in overalls, a check shirt and a cap sitting astride a bench and finishing a chair, his tools of trade made of amber and agate; signed…

A stag horn netsuke water buffalo, Edo period, mid 18th century,…

Stag Horn Water Buffalo Netsuke

A stag horn netsuke water buffalo, Edo period, mid 18th century, the recumbent buffalo in harness, well engraved and inked and with good patination. Height 6.5 cm

Japanese netsuke, depicting a cat curled up in a shell, signed,…

Japanese Netsuke: Sleeping Cat in Shell

Japanese netsuke, depicting a cat curled up in a shell, signed, length 5 cm. Provenance: Mr Arthur Dolby Pedley (1856-1935), then by descent.

Antique finely carved netsuke of a recumbent water buffalo

Carved Water Buffalo Netsuke

Antique finely carved netsuke of a recumbent water buffalo

A group of three antique Japanese figural netsuke, Meiji period…

Antique Japanese Figural Netsuke Set

A group of three antique Japanese figural netsuke, Meiji period (1868-1912), each depicted as traditional figures in a crouching pose, finely carved and etched with patterns and with decorative brown staining; some with signatures underside. Height 3 cm…

An old carved Japanese netsuke of two figures, the crouching…

Japanese Netsuke: Crouching Man and Seated Woman

An old carved Japanese netsuke of two figures, the crouching man supporting the woman seated upon his back facing the opposite direction, fine carved and stained detail. Height 3.9 cm

Carved mammoth tooth netsuke, depicting two squirrels, signed…

Mammoth Tooth Squirrel Netsuke

Carved mammoth tooth netsuke, depicting two squirrels, signed with two red character marks

19th century Japanese carved antler netsuke

Japanese antler netsuke carving

19th century Japanese carved antler netsuke

Japanese netsuke of a mythical creature

Mythical Netsuke

Japanese netsuke of a mythical creature

Japanese netsuke Oyster farmer, 4.5 cm wide

Japanese Oyster Farmer Netsuke

Japanese netsuke Oyster farmer, 4.5 cm wide

An early netsuke depicting goat and kid, length 4 cm

Goat and Kid Netsuke

An early netsuke depicting goat and kid, length 4 cm

Japanese Netsuke of a sage, signed

Signed Japanese Sage Netsuke

Japanese Netsuke of a sage, signed

A Japanese amber netsuke of a frog, 20th century the seated…

Amber Frog Netsuke with Insect Encasement

A Japanese amber netsuke of a frog, 20th century the seated frog, finely carved from amber with an encased insect, with a polished finish. Length 4.5 cm

Good Japanese Meiji period carved netsuke, in the form of a…

Meiji Carved Snail Netsuke

Good Japanese Meiji period carved netsuke, in the form of a snail, with shell to the base, incised signature to base, length 3.5 cm. Provenance: The Pullinger collection, then Dr. Merna Marie Torrington collection

A Japanese netsuke of a hand holding the monkey King, Sun…

Japanese Netsuke: Hand with Monkey King

A Japanese netsuke of a hand holding the monkey King, Sun Wukong, Showa period, 20th century, height 4.5 cm. Provenance: The Estate of the late June Fairall

A finely carved bone netsuke as a baby rat on mother's back,…

Matsuyama's Rat Netsuke with Inlaid Eyes

A finely carved bone netsuke as a baby rat on mother's back, with inlaid eyes, signed Matsuyama, Japan, Meiji period 1868-1912. Provenance: The property of a gentleman, height 3 cm, length 3.5 cm

Carved netsuke depicting three turtles, signed to base

Three Turtle Netsuke by Signed Artist

Carved netsuke depicting three turtles, signed to base

Large carved antler netsuke of priest Early Meiji period,…

Meiji Priest Antler Netsuke (1870)

Large carved antler netsuke of priest Early Meiji period, around 1870

Two Japanese netsuke, Edo period (1603-1868), 19th century,…

Edo Period Japanese Netsuke Pair

Two Japanese netsuke, Edo period (1603-1868), 19th century, comprising a rotund woman with gourd and vegetables, the second a woman huddled inside a cave, signed Gyokuzan, 6 cm high &, 4.5 cm high. Provenance: Jan Bayer collection, Melbourne. Purchased…

A finely carved bone netsuke, of a sage with an unfurled scroll.…

Sage Netsuke with Unfurled Scroll

A finely carved bone netsuke, of a sage with an unfurled scroll. Provenance: Adelaide collector. Height 3.25 cm

A 19th century Japanese stag antler netsuke, carved as a monkey…

Monkey under Pine Netsuke

A 19th century Japanese stag antler netsuke, carved as a monkey seated beneath an ancient pine. Affixed with BADA metal customs seal in use predating the early 1960s. Height 5.6 cm

Japanese netsuke, carved mammoth tooth depicting a seated man…

Japanese Netsuke: Carved Mammoth Tooth Seated Man, Signed Base

Japanese netsuke, carved mammoth tooth depicting a seated man with fine engraved details, signed to base

Twin frog netsuke, hand carved in the form of two frogs upon…

Double Frog Netsuke on Leaf - Signed

Twin frog netsuke, hand carved in the form of two frogs upon leaf, signed to base

Carved Japanese antler netsuke Shishi parade costume over man

Japanese Antler Shishi Parade Costume Netsuke

Carved Japanese antler netsuke Shishi parade costume over man

Two netsuke, seashell and shells with hermit crab

Seashell and Hermit Crab Netsuke

Two netsuke, seashell and shells with hermit crab

Japanese netsuke, Negoro lacquer hatching Tengu mythical sword…

Negoro Lacquer Tengu Netsuke Sword Master

Japanese netsuke, Negoro lacquer hatching Tengu mythical sword master

Carved Japanese antler netsuke of man thinking, purchased…

Japanese Man Netsuke

Carved Japanese antler netsuke of man thinking, purchased Nagoya, Japan c.1960

Japanese carved spherical hardwood netsuke formed as lions

Lion Netsuke Carvings

Japanese carved spherical hardwood netsuke formed as lions

An amber netsuke, featuring a rabbit, signed

Signed Rabbit Amber Netsuke

An amber netsuke, featuring a rabbit, signed

Japanese carved Mammoth netsuke, carved in the form of a figure…

Japanese Mammoth Netsuke: Combing Hair with Cat

Japanese carved Mammoth netsuke, carved in the form of a figure combing her hair with cat at her feet, signed, height 7.5 cm

Antique Japanese carved lizard netsuke width 6 cm signed to base

Japanese Carved Lizard Netsuke Signed, 6cm Width

Antique Japanese carved lizard netsuke width 6 cm signed to base

Carved netsuke figure of a child with face on the back

Back-Faced Child Netsuke

Carved netsuke figure of a child with face on the back

A vintage Japanese carved bone netsuke; featuring God of wealth,…

Japanese God of Wealth Carved Bone Netsuke

A vintage Japanese carved bone netsuke; featuring God of wealth, size 29 x 26 mm, sign at back Tamami.

Japanese hardwood netsuke of a monkey, kneeling holding 2 nuts

Kneeling Monkey Netsuke with Nut Pair

Japanese hardwood netsuke of a monkey, kneeling holding 2 nuts

An old Japanese stag antler netsuke, of Gama Sennin, standing…

Japanese Stag Antler Netsuke of Gama Sennin with Frog

An old Japanese stag antler netsuke, of Gama Sennin, standing with a large frog perched to his shoulder. Small himotoshi to his back. Height 5.6 cm.

A Japanese bone netsuke of the God of Longevity, seated with a…

Japanese Bone Netsuke of God of Longevity with Child

A Japanese bone netsuke of the God of Longevity, seated with a child at his feet. Provenance: Adelaide collector. Height 3.5

An iIvory netsuke, depicting seated sage with an oversized…

Smiling Sage Ivory Netsuke

An iIvory netsuke, depicting seated sage with an oversized smiling face. Provenance: Adelaide collector. Height 3 cm

Antique Japanese carved bone netsuke, depicting mouse on top of…

Japanese Carved Bone Netsuke: Mouse atop Nut (Signed)

Antique Japanese carved bone netsuke, depicting mouse on top of a nut, signed to base

Chinese netsuke, modelled as a hand holding monkey with glass…

Monkey Hand Netsuke with Glass Eyes - Signed

Chinese netsuke, modelled as a hand holding monkey with glass eyes, signed to base

Carved netsuke animal

Carved Animal Netsuke

Carved netsuke animal

19th century Japanese whalebone netsuke, Humorously carved as a…

Struggling Man Netsuke

19th century Japanese whalebone netsuke, Humorously carved as a man struggling to lift a bulging sack, height 2.5 cm

Japanese carved tortoise netsuke carved group of 5 tortoises,…

Signed Japanese Tortoise Netsuke Group

Japanese carved tortoise netsuke carved group of 5 tortoises, signed to base, width 4.5 cm.

Ironwood netsuke, hand carved in the form of three rats in…

Rat Trio Ironwood Netsuke with Glass Eyes

Ironwood netsuke, hand carved in the form of three rats in group with tails upon backs and to underside glass eyed and makers signature to base

An antique signed netsuke of a pair of faces, Meiji period,…

Meiji Period Signed Netsuke: Young to Old Transformation

An antique signed netsuke of a pair of faces, Meiji period, 1868-1912, a double-sided portrait of a young person transformed into an elderly person, to the reverse, himatoshi to the head, characters underside, height 3 cm

Three Japanese carved netsuke, depicting a dragon, children…

Japanese Netsuke Carvings: Dragon, Children, Fish Wrestling on Duck

Three Japanese carved netsuke, depicting a dragon, children dressed as a dragon and two figures wrestling a fish on the back of a duck, height 5.5 cm, 5.5 cm, 4 cm (3)

Two Japanese netsuke a Recumbent lion & a figure of a kneeling…

Edo Period Japanese Netsuke: Lion and Kneeling Man

Two Japanese netsuke a Recumbent lion & a figure of a kneeling man, Edo period, condition: Age cracks & natural wear, length 5 cm

Mammoth tooth duck netsuke, tiny carved model duck

Mammoth Tooth Duck Netsuke: Miniature Carved Model of Waterfowl

Mammoth tooth duck netsuke, tiny carved model duck

Carved netsuke, frogs

Frog Netsuke Carvings

Carved netsuke, frogs

Carved netsuke, man riding fish

Fish Rider Netsuke

Carved netsuke, man riding fish

A well carved Japanese stag antler netsuke of a rat, perched on…

Japanese Stag Antler Netsuke of Rat on Abalone Shell

A well carved Japanese stag antler netsuke of a rat, perched on an abalone shell, with inlaid eyes. Large himotoshi underneath. Length 4.5 cm.

Ironwood netsuke, carved, signed of 2 mice on and within a…

Two Mice in Fruit Ironwood Netsuke

Ironwood netsuke, carved, signed of 2 mice on and within a piece of fruit

Japanese carved Mammoth netsuke, carved in the form of a…

Japanese Mammoth Netsuke of Reclining Figure and Sach

Japanese carved Mammoth netsuke, carved in the form of a reclining figure and sach, signed, length 5.5 cm

Japanese netsuke, signed

Signed Japanese Netsuke

Japanese netsuke, signed

Netsuke of rat and tortoise, signed

Signed Netsuke: Rat and Tortoise

Netsuke of rat and tortoise, signed

Japanese netsuke, Demon with rotating head, signed

Rotating Demon Netsuke, Signed

Japanese netsuke, Demon with rotating head, signed

Antique Japanese carved immortal netsuke, height 4 cm

Japanese Immortal Netsuke Carving

Antique Japanese carved immortal netsuke, height 4 cm