19th Century Black Lacquered Brise Fans (Pair)
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Two 19th century black lacquered brise fans, the first Chinese with gilt lacquered figures (with acretions and glue residue to some leaves), length 20 cm; the second Japanese with good lacquer work scene of mother and child in mountainous landscape to one side, and bird in bamboo to the reverse, the guard sticks with applied hardstone insects, leaves and birds (one blade missing tip edge), with ojime and silk tassle. Length 26 cm. (2)
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- Lacquered Lacquerware - Lacquer is a clear or coloured resin that is obtained from the sap of several species of trees in the genus Rhus, particularly the Rhus verniciflua tree, which is native to China and Japan. The resin is harvested by making incisions in the tree bark and collecting the sap that oozes out.
The sap is then processed and refined through a series of steps, which may include filtration, heating, and chemical treatments. The resulting lacquer is a highly durable and glossy material that is used as a finish for furniture, musical instruments, and other objects.
Lacquer has been used for thousands of years in Asia, where it is valued for its beauty and durability. It is applied in multiple thin layers, with each layer being allowed to dry and harden before the next one is added. The process can take several weeks or even months to complete, but the resulting finish is incredibly hard, glossy, and resistant to scratches and wear.
The lacquer derived from the resin of the Rhus tree has been used for decoration of furniture in several countries in Asia, particularly China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. These countries have rich traditions of using lacquer for furniture decoration and have developed unique techniques and styles of lacquer work.
In China, lacquer has been used for furniture decoration for over 2,000 years, and it became a major art form during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) dynasties. Chinese lacquerware is known for its intricate carving, painting, and inlay work, as well as its use of bold colours and designs. Lacquer was used to decorate furniture such as cabinets, screens, and chairs.
In Japan, lacquer has been used for furniture decoration for over 1,000 years. Japanese lacquerware is characterized by its simplicity and elegance, and it often incorporates natural materials such as wood, bamboo, and shells. Lacquer was used to decorate furniture such as chests, cabinets, and trays.
In Korea, lacquer has been used for furniture decoration for over a thousand years. Korean lacquerware is known for its restrained and understated beauty, and it often features delicate patterns and designs that are achieved through careful layering and carving. Lacquer was used to decorate furniture such as cabinets, chests, and screens.
In Vietnam, lacquer has been used for furniture decoration for over 2,000 years. Vietnamese lacquerware is known for its vibrant colours and intricate designs, and it often features scenes from daily life, nature, and mythology - Ojime - An ojime is a small decorative bead that is used as a sliding bead or toggle on the cord of a traditional Japanese netsuke. The netsuke is a small sculptural object that was used to fasten a container, such as a box or pouch, to the obi (sash) worn with a traditional Japanese kimono.
The ojime was used to adjust the length of the cord or to secure the container in place. Ojime beads were typically made from a variety of materials such as wood, ivory, bone, and stone. They were often elaborately carved with intricate designs or decorated with colourful lacquer, enamel, or inlay work. - Brise Fan - A brise fan consists of flat ribs that become wider from the rivet to the top, and are held in place by a ribbon threaded through slots at the broad end. They do not have a folding leaf. The earliest brise fans came from China and Japan, and were exported to Europe in large quantities from the 17th century onwards. European-made brise fans, an imitation of the delicate Chinese wooden and ivory fans, were composed of thinly-sliced sticks of bone, horn, tortoiseshell, mother-of-pearl, or ivory that were often elaborately carved, gilded, and painted.
- Hardstone - Hardstone is not a scientific name for a particular gemstone, but a word used to describe any one or more semi-precious stones used in jewellery and decorative arts, and can include jade, agate, onyx, rock crystal, amber, jet and carnelian. Softer stones and minerals such as soapstone, and alabaster and hard stones used in building such as marble or granite are generally excluded.
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