Louis XVI Style Figural Mantle Clock by Japy Freres

An ormolu figural mantle clock in the Louis XVI style, 19th…
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An ormolu figural mantle clock in the Louis XVI style, 19th century, with maker's mark for Japy Freres, a richly ornamented eight day movement clock, featuring an enamel Arabic dial set within a case surmounted by a gentleman farmer with his horse, harvest produce and implements at his feet upon a rocky ground, the lower body embellished with bucolic and musical trophies in high relief, with key and pendulum, height 36 cm, width 42 cm, depth 17 cm

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  • Movement - The technical name for the workings of a clock or watch, and does not include the dial or case.
  • Ormolu - Ormolu was popular with French craftsmen in the 18th and 19th century for ornamental fittings for furniture, clocks and other decorative items. True ormolu is gilt bronze, that is bronze that has been coated with gold using a mercury amalgam. Due to the health risks associated with using mercury, this method of creating ormolu was discontinued in France in the 1830s. A substitute was developed consisting of about 75% copper and 25% zinc, however it was inferior to the bronze version. It was often lacquered to prevent it tarnishing.
  • Pendulum - The pendulum was discovered around 1602 by Galileo Galilei, and was adopted for time keeping by the Dutch mathematician and natural philosopher, Christiaan Huygens, who excelled in astronomy, physics, and horology.

    The pendulum comprises a metal rod usually of brass or steel with a metal disk, known as a bob, at the end. The movement of the pendulum is driven by weights or a spring, and as a pendulum swings in a regular arc, it was found accuracy could be controlled to within a few seconds a week.

    Timekeeping can be adjusted by changing the height of the bob on the rod, making the pendulum either swing slower or faster.

    The disadvantage of the pendulum was that changes in temperature also changed the length of the pendulum, interfering with the accuracy of the clock, and so in the 18th century two types of mercurial pendulums were invented which countered the movement in the steel rod.

    The pendulum was the world's most accurate timekeeping technology until the invention of the quartz clock, regulated by a quartz crystal, in 1927.

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