Treen is a word from Old English meaning "wooden". It is now used as a collective term for small carved or turned timber objects, that were made for household use. The term is also applied to wooden articles that do not fit any other classification. The word is not used to describe objects that are mainly ornamental, nor to furniture.
Before the late 17th century when pewter, silver and ceramic tableware began to come into use for the middle and lower classes, wood was the default material for most dining utensils, from plates and bowls to spoons, and the use
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of wood extended to other kitchen and household equipment.
Almost all treen is anonymously made - there are no makers names or marks. The objects were made by the local cabinetmakers and wood turners.
Over the years many treen objects have acquired a satisfying patina, through their constant handling and use. Earlier kitchen tools were waxed rather than polished, and today will be rough, stained, chipped, and scorched, revealing a lot of use in their previous lives.
The variety of objects made for general household use is enormous and includes pepper-mills, cigarette boxes, flower troughs, napkin rings, punch bowls lined with metal, platters, porringers, ladles, salad servers, bowls, puzzle money boxes, egg cups, spice boxes, lemon squeezers, pails, glove stretchers, potato mashers, spoons, mouse-traps, colanders, back scratchers, and nutcrackers.
Basic utlilitarian items such as such as the above, were usually waxed rather than polished and bear the hallmarks of their use being rough, stained, chipped and scorched.
The more decorative treen articles for the drawing room or bedroom were polished, lacquered, painted, or inlaid with coloured woods, ivory, mother-of-pearl, or coloured glass.
Amongst the more unusual items are miniature letter boxes for country houses, decoy ducks, body massagers and silk winders.
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Snuff boxes are small, decorative containers used to store and carry powdered tobacco, known as snuff. The use of snuff dates back to the 16th century, and the popularity of snuff boxes grew along with the popularity of snuff itself.
Some of the European countries where snuff-taking was popular include:
• France: Snuff-taking was particularly popular in France during the 18th century. The French royal court was known for its elaborate snuff boxes and the habit was popular among the French aristocracy.
• England: Snuff-taking was introduced to England in the 17th century and quickly
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became popular among the upper classes. Many English gentlemen carried snuff boxes and the habit was seen as a sign of good manners and social status.
• Germany: Snuff-taking was popular in Germany during the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly among the aristocracy.
• Spain: Snuff-taking was popular in Spain in the 18th century and was often used by the Spanish aristocracy as a way to display their wealth and status.
In the Americas, snuff-taking was introduced by European colonizers and became popular among both the European and indigenous populations. Snuff-taking remained popular in many countries throughout the Americas well into the 20th century.
Snuff boxes were originally made of wood, horn, or other simple materials. However, as snuff-taking became more fashionable among the wealthy, snuff boxes became more elaborate and luxurious, often made of gold, silver, ivory, or other precious materials, and decorated with intricate engravings or enamel work.
Other materials that were commonly used to make snuff boxes include:
• Enamel: Enamel was a popular material for snuff boxes during the 18th and 19th centuries. It was used to create colorful and intricate designs on the boxes.
• Mother of pearl: Mother of pearl was often used to decorate snuff boxes. It was prized for its iridescence and was often inlaid into the surface of the box.
• Gemstones: Precious and semi-precious stones such as diamonds, rubies, and emeralds were sometimes used to decorate snuff boxes.
• Leather: Leather was used to make more casual snuff boxes, particularly those designed for travel.
• Porcelain: Porcelain snuff boxes were made in China and other countries and were often decorated with intricate designs.
Overall, the materials used to make snuff boxes varied depending on the era and the social status of the owner. More luxurious and expensive materials were used to create snuff boxes for the upper classes, while simpler materials were used for more utilitarian boxes.
Snuff boxes also became status symbols, and were often given as gifts or used to display wealth and social standing. They were particularly popular in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and many notable figures of the time, including royalty and politicians, were known to collect and use snuff boxes.
Although the use of snuff declined in popularity in the 20th century, snuff boxes remain popular among collectors of antique and vintage items. They offer a glimpse into the social and cultural history of the time, and the craftsmanship and decorative work of many snuff boxes make them highly sought-after collector's items.
Snuff boxes are still made and used by some snuff enthusiasts, but they are primarily collected for their historical and aesthetic value.
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