Staffordshire Figures: Spaniels, Couple, and Toby Jug

• Firing Crack - A firing crack is a crack in a porcelain or stoneware item that occurs whilst the item is in the kiln.They are usually caused by faulty design, where one part is thicker than the surrounding area, and being thicker it cools more slowly, setting up a stress with the surrounding area. Firing cracks are not often seen on modern mass produced porcelain, as the damaged items are discarded during prooduction. However they are seen in earlier items and artisan-produced objects.
• Toby Jugs / Character Mugs - Toby jugs are earthenware jugs depicting the full figure of a person, usually a man, in a three-cornered hat holding a jug, of beer and a pipe or glass. They were first made in the 1760s by Wood family of potters in Staffordshire and the design was copied by other potters in the area, and later elsewhere. They were said to be inspired by song and etching of Sir Toby Phillpot, a legendary 18th century Yorkshire drinker. The style became popularily used to depict other figures including Martha Gunn (the celebrated Brighton bathing woman), The Thin Man, The Drunken Parson, Prince Hal, The Night Watchman and many others. An enormously popular genre, toby jugs have continued to be made, sometimes in porcelain, often in miniature form. Many of the modem versions have been deliberately crazed to appear old. Character jugs have been produced by Royal Doulton since the 1930s: Ronald Reagan appeared in 1984, Sir Winston Churchill in 1940, and John Barleycorn, idiot yokel, was produced from 1934 to 1960. For purists, a jug depicting head-and-shoulders only a 'character mug'.
• Flatback - As the name indicates, flatback Staffordshire figures are characterized by their undecorated flat backs and are typically designed to be displayed to sit on a narrow mantlepiece. They often made in pairs and depict popular scenes or characters from literature, mythology, or history, and they were prized for their intricate details and bright colours.
  
  These figures were popular in England during the 19th century, and they were widely produced and sold by a number of different Staffordshire based manufacturers.
  
  In the late 1880's to the early 1900s Royal Worcester also manufactured a series of floral decorated jugs which are termed 'flat backs'.

This item has been included into following indexes:

• Staffordshire Potteries (England), item types
  • dogs 315
  • horses 22