Daum Crystal Vase with Leaf Decoration

• Pate De Verre - A technique practiced in ancient Egypt from 1500 - 1000 BC, that was revived in France in the 1880s, pate de verre, which translates as "paste of glass", is a process in which glass is ground to a fine powder, mixed with adhesives, colouring agents and water to create a paste which is then mixed , placed into a mould and then reheated until molten.
  
  The most prolific, and therefore best known practitioners include Gabriel Argy-Rouseau, Francois-Emile Decorchement and Almeric Walter.
• Lead Crystal - The first clear glass, called cristallo was invented during the 15th century in Venice. Prior to this the glass had a slight yellow or greenish colour as a result of iron ore impurities with the glass. 'Cristallo' was heavily exported .
  
  In 1675, while attempting to counter the Venetian dominance of the glass market, British glassmaker George Ravenscroft invented lead glass, by adding lead oxide to to replace the calcium content in glass.
  
  The new glass he created was quicker to melt, and stayed moulten longer, making it easier to work. More importantly, it had a higher refractive index, adding to its brilliance and beauty, especially when embellished with wheel cut decoration.
  
  Lead crystal, is variety of lead glass, with a higher percentage of lead oxide than lead glass.
  
  Ravenscroft's patent on lead crystal expired in 1681, and more glass makers were able to take advantage of his invention. The expansion in production resulted in England to overtaking Venice as the centre of the glass industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

This item has been included into following indexes:

• Daum Nancy (France) - glass makers 282
• Schneider / Le Verre Francais (France) - lamps and lighting 301