Three woodblock prints, signed Toyokuni Ga, Utagawa Toyokuni III, (1786-1865), with carver & Publisher's seal marks, Japan, the Ukiyo-e with Kabuki actors, note: works created after 1847 according to the style of the signature. Condition: Margins trimmed, insect damage, staining, the right one with foxing to the surface. Provenance: The Eisenberg Wilton Collection, 36 x 24 cm each
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- Manner of .... / Style of ..... - A cataloguing term where the item, in the opinion of the cataloguer is a work in the style of the artist, craftsman or designer, possibly of a later period.
- Foxing - Foxing is a type of discoloration or staining that occurs on the edges or pages of old books, manuscripts, and other paper-based materials. The term "foxing" comes from the reddish-brown color of the stains, which is similar to the color of fox fur.
Foxing is caused by a variety of factors, including exposure to moisture, high humidity, and oxidation. Over time, these environmental factors can cause the paper to yellow and develop the distinctive brownish stains. The discoloration can also be caused by pollutants in the air, such as smoke and chemicals, or by the presence of certain types of mould or mildew.
Foxing can have a significant impact on the value and appearance of old books and manuscripts, and is often considered a defect. However, some people consider foxing to be a sign of the history and aging of the paper, and view it as a desirable characteristic.