Learn about antiques and collectables...
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Learn about and understand the items, manufacturers, designers and periods as well as the specialist terms used in describing antiques and collectables. Either click one of the letters below to list the items beginning with that letter, or click on a category on the left side of the screen to list the items under that category.
G-Plan Furniture
G-Plan is a British furniture brand that was founded in 1898 by Ebenezer Gomme. The company was based in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. G-Plan furniture was known for its stylish and affordable designs, and it became one of the most popular furniture brands in the UK in the 1950s and 1960s.
Ebenezer Gomme was a cabinetmaker who started his own furniture business in 1898. The company initially made a range of traditional furniture, but Gomme's grandson, Donald Gomme, took over the business in the 1950s and introduced a new range of furniture that was inspired by Scandinavian design.
The new G-Plan furniture was made from teak and other exotic woods, and it featured clean lines and simple designs. The furniture was also very affordable, which made it popular with young couples and families. G-Plan furniture became a symbol of the post-war optimism and affluence, and it helped to define the look of British homes in the 1950s and 1960s.
In the 1960s and 1970s, G-Plan continued to evolve and adapt to changing design trends. The company introduced new materials, such as veneers and laminates, to meet the demand for more diverse finishes. G-Plan also collaborated with renowned designers, including R. Bennett and V. Wilkins, to create iconic furniture pieces that became synonymous with the brand.
In 1969, E. Gomme Ltd. merged with several other British furniture manufacturers to form the Furniture Brands International (FBI) group. This merger allowed G-Plan to expand its reach and further enhance its product offerings.
G-Plan furniture remained popular in the 1980s, but the company began to struggle in the 1990s. In 1999, G-Plan was acquired by the Danish furniture company Fritz Hansen. Fritz Hansen continued to produce G-Plan furniture for a few years, but the brand eventually ceased production in 2005.
G. & E. Rodd
George Rodd established his workshop in 1919 in Melbourne
where his brother Ernest joined him as a working partner in 1922. Both were
skilled silversmiths and the company initially focused on crafting silver
jewellery and silverware. During the 1920s to the 1960s, G. & E. Rodd were
recognised as leading jewellery and silverware manufacturers in Melbourne. However,
theysoon diversified into other areas like enamelling and metalwork.
The company gained recognition for their delicate jewellery
designs and their use of premium materials. Their silverware items also
garnered acclaim for their craftsmanship and stylish appeal. They were particularly
known for the production of cutlery settings, with their most popular brand
being Grosvenor which included the Gainsborough, Balmoral and Everlasting Rose
patterns. The company's creations found popularity among both Australian and
international customers, frequently gracing the pages of magazines and
newspapers, as well as being showcased in art shows and exhibitions.
Notable jewellery pieces created from G. & E. Rodd's
workshop, include the "Rodd Bird" brooch. Crafted from silver and
enamel, this brooch featured a stylized bird design and became a beloved
creation since its inception in the 1930s. The "Rodd Wave" bracelet,
also made from silver and enamel, boasted an elegant wave motif and captured
attention starting from the 1940s, becoming a favored choice for both everyday
wear and special occasions. Additionally, the "Rodd Thistle"
necklace, crafted from silver and enamel, showcased a thistle design and gained
popularity among Australian and international clientele after its introduction
in the 1950s.
However, as consumer preferences shifted and economic
factors came into play, G. & E. Rodd experienced a decline in production
during the late 1940s. In May 1949, Rodd (Australia) merged with Platers Pty
Ltd., manufacturers of silver plated wares and in 1960 merged with Mytton Ltd,
forming Mytton Rodd (Australia) Ltd. Production ceased in 1991.
G. Gori
Georges Gori (1900-1944) was a French sculptor known for his Art Deco bronzes. He was born in Paris and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts. He exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Français from 1925 to 1939, and his work was also shown at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes in 1925.
Gori's sculptures are often characterized by their streamlined forms and elegant poses. He often depicted female figures, as well as animals and mythological creatures. His work is influenced by Art Deco artists such as Paul Manship and Charles Despiau.
Gori's work is represented in museums and private collections around the world. He died in Paris in 1944 at the age of 44.
There is also an Italian sculptor named Affortunato Gory (1895-1925) who is sometimes referred to as G. Gori. However, the two sculptors are not related.
Gadrooning
A series of lobes usually as a border. In furniture gadrooning is found as carved decoration around the edges of table tops in the Chippendale and Jacobean style furniture. Gadrooning is also found as decoration on the rims of silver and ceramics.
Gaetano Sciolari
Gaetano Sciolari was an Italian lighting designer who is best known for his mid-century modern designs. He was born in Rome in 1927 and studied architecture at the University of Rome. After graduating, he worked as a filmmaker for a short time before joining the family business, Sciolari Lighting, in 1949.
Sciolari quickly became the head of the company and began to design his own lighting fixtures. His early work was inspired by Art Deco and Italian futurism, but he soon developed his own unique style that was characterized by its geometric forms and use of metal.
In the 1950s, Sciolari began working with the Italian manufacturer Stilnovo. It was during this time that he created some of his most iconic designs, including the Chandelier 267, the Chandelier 272, and the 4079 Floor Lamp. These fixtures were characterized by their use of chrome and brass, their sculptural forms, and their innovative use of light.
Sciolari continued to design lighting fixtures for Stilnovo until the company closed in 1972. He then went on to work with other manufacturers, including Boulanger and Stilkrone. He continued to design until his death in 1994.
Gainsborough Chair
The Gainsborough chair is a type of armchair that was popular in the 18th century in England. Named after the famous English painter Thomas Gainsborough, who was known for his portraits of the wealthy and fashionable people of the time, the chair was designed as a comfortable and stylish piece of furniture for sitting in front of the fireplace, and it became a popular choice among the wealthy and fashionable people of the day.
The design is characterized by its wide, comfortable seat, curved arms, and high backrest. The backrest typically has a shallow curve and is often carved with decorative details, such as scrolling arms, acanthus leaves, or rosettes. The legs of the chair are typically tapered and may be carved with decorative details as well.
It was typically made from mahogany or walnut, and was upholstered in luxurious fabrics, such as velvet or silk. It was often used in formal sitting rooms and drawing rooms and was seen as a symbol of wealth and status.
Gainsborough chairs are considered to be an important example of 18th-century English furniture design and are admired for their elegance, style, and comfort.
Galle, Emile
Emile Galle, (1846-1904) was a French designer of glass, furniture and jewellery and leader of the Nancy School in the applied arts. He was undoubtedly the most outstanding of the French glassmakers of the late nineteenth century.
Born in Nancy, the son of the owner of a prosperous glass and faience factory, he studied botany, drawing and landscape painting and from 1862 to 1864, the techniques of glass production at Weimar Art School in Germany. After further travels, study and work he returned to Nancy in 1873, and began to produce fine pottery, jewellery, and furniture in his own glass studio. In 1874 he was given control of the family glass business.
Galle began experimenting with coloured glass, attempting to improve the range of colours without diminishing the transparency of the material. These early experiments culminated in the vivid blue glass, created by means of cobalt oxides, which came to the attention of the discriminating public at the Exposition Universelle in 1878 in Paris, where he received four gold medals.
At the Exposition Universelle of 1889 in Paris his glass art became the icon of the Art Nouveau movement.
He also opened a carpentry shop employing cabinet makers to produce furniture, specialising in marquetry using botanical themes as his inspiration.
In the ensuing decade, he continued to experiment with various colours, eventually achieving success with the full range of colour from deep purple to bright orange. Throughout his long career, however, Galle was pre-occupied with the decoration of glassware rather than the manipulation or transformation of the substance itself. The earliest type of embellishment consisted of enamelling, a technique which he gradually improved. Galle's finest glassware was produced at the turn of the century.
By the time of his death in 1904, his workshop had become a highly successful business with a considerable output, though quality was never sacrificed to quantity.
Galle always signed his works "Galle". The signature may be engraved, acid-etching or enamelled.
Up to the time of the First World War, the factory continued under the guidance of Galle's friend, the painter Victor Prouve, and glass made in this ten-year period (1904-14) continued to bear the word "Galle" preceded by a small star.
Production was halted by the course of the war, but some attempts at reviving the business afterwards were only partly successful and the Galle factory finally closed in 1935.
Because of the popularity and high prices of Galle glass the field is attractive to copyists and forgers. If the item is not a genuine Galle piece, and the seller recognises this, the description will include terms such as "in the style of Galle", "bears the signature of Galle" or "in the style of Emile Galle". If the seller is trying to pass off the item as genuine Galle, experience gained in handling Galle glass is the best way to tell a forgery from an original
Gallery
On furniture, a gallery is a small upright section, frequently pierced and decorated, around the tops of small items of furniture, such as davenports, side tables, and so forth. Galleries are made in brass or bronze,and be fretted, pierced or solid timber. A three-quarter gallery is one that surrounds three of the four sides of a table, desk or other top.
Gama
Gama was a German toy and model manufacturer and distributor founded in 1882 by Georg Adam Mangold in Fürth, Bavaria. The company's name is an acronym for "Georg Adam Mangold". Gama initially produced metal construction sets, which were popular toys during that era then moved into production of tinplate mechanical toys, but in the early 1900s, they began to produce die-cast toys as well. They were known for their high-quality toys, and their products were exported all over the world.
During World War II, Gama's factory was destroyed, but they were able to rebuild and resume production after the war. In the 1950s, they began to produce 1/43 scale die-cast cars, and they also entered the slot racing market. Gama continued to produce toys until the early 2000s, when they went out of business. However, their toys are still highly sought-after by collectors today.
Games Table
A small table equipped with an inlaid chess board and sometimes a backgammon board. They are often fitted with drawers to hold games pieces, pencils, score sheets and so on. The tops of these tables are sometimes reversible, sometimes opening to reveal the chess board beneath. Examples dating from the 18th century are known, but most still available are of Victorian origin. Many Australian games tables have survived, with the chess board made of stained woods or sometimes consisting of many different inlaid native timbers. Card tables are a variant of the games table.
Gardner Porcelain Factory
The Gardner porcelain factory was founded in 1766 by the English merchant Francis Jacob Gardner at Verbilki near Moscow. Gardner employed a former worker at the Imperial Porcelain Factory and was familiar manufacture of hard-paste porcelain and the German porcelain painter I. Kästner to establish production
In the early period of its activity, the Gardner factory produced items based on patterns of the Meissen porcelain factory.
In the 1770-1780s, the factory was commissioned by Empress Catherine II to produce four dinnerware sets for the Winter palace.
The Gardner porcelain factory competed with the Imperial Porcelain Factory products, producing porcelain, faience, opaque glaze, biscuit items. The main products were tea and dinnerware sets, utensils, trays, vases, and small statuary. The decorative subjects and themes included flower garlands and bouquets, landscapes and architectural views of cities, portraits, monograms and coats of arms.
In 1892, the business was sold to Matvey Kuznetsov and renamed "M.S. Kuznetsov Partnership for the production of porcelain and faience ware".
After 1917 revolution, the factory was renamed as the Dmitrov State Porcelain Factory. Currently, the enterprise is named “Gardner Manufacture in Verbilki” and is the Honorary Member of the Guild of Purveyors to the Kremlin.
Garnet
A garnet is a mineral that is commonly used as a gemstone. It occurs in a wide range of colours, including red, pink, orange, green, yellow, and black. The most common and best known type of garnet is the red variety, which has a deep, rich colour and is often referred to as a "garnet red."
Garnets have a long history of use as gemstones, and they have been prized for their beauty and durability for thousands of years. They are often used in jewellery, such as rings, necklaces, and earrings, and they are also sometimes used as a decorative element in other items, such as vases and goblets.
Garnets are prized for their brilliance, durability, and resistance to scratching, making them a popular choice for use in jewellery. They are also valued for their hardness, which makes them well suited for use in abrasive applications, such as sandpaper and grinding wheels.
Garnitures
A garniture usually consists of a set of matching but not identical ornaments, usually elaborately made of bronze, gilt bronze, spelter or brass. The ornaments are commonly covered or uncovered urns, candelabra, vases, tazze or statuary, that are more decorative than practical. If only two ornaments are present, the set may have originally been part of a clock garniture, from which the clock has been separated.
Garth Chester
Garth Chester (1916-1968) was a New Zealand furniture designer and maker who is considered one of the most important figures in the development of mid-century modern design in the country. Chester was born in South Africa in 1916 and moved to New Zealand with his family in 1924. He studied furniture design at the Elam School of Fine Arts in Auckland, graduating in 1940. After graduating, Chester worked as a designer for a number of furniture manufacturers in Auckland. In 1944, he established his own furniture firm, Originals, in Penrose, Auckland.
Chester's furniture designs were innovative and often pushed the boundaries of existing technology. He was particularly interested in the use of plywood, which he used to create a number of striking and original chairs, tables, and other pieces of furniture. One of Chester's most famous designs is the Curvesse chair, which was created in 1944. The Curvesse chair is a cantilevered plywood chair that is considered to be one of the first of its kind in the world. It is now a highly sought-after collectors' item.
Other notable Chester designs include the Astoria chair, the Bikini chair, and the Nicholson Chapel chair. Chester's furniture is now held in the collections of major New Zealand museums, including the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and the Auckland War Memorial Museum.
Chester died in 1968, aged 52.
Gary Bradley
Gary Bradley was a prominent Australian jeweller known for his innovative and creative designs. He was born in Melbourne, Australia in 1955 and began his career in jewellery-making in the 1970s. Bradley quickly gained recognition for his unique and intricate designs, which often incorporated unusual materials such as wood, bone, and leather.
Throughout his career, Bradley exhibited his work in galleries and museums throughout Australia and around the world. He was particularly well-known for his exquisite diamond and gemstone jewellery, which often featured bold, geometric designs and stunning, one-of-a-kind stones.
In addition to his work as a jeweller, Bradley was also a respected teacher and mentor to many aspiring jewellery designers. He taught at a number of institutions, including the Victorian College of the Arts and RMIT University, and was known for his generosity and willingness to share his knowledge and expertise with others.
Gary Bradley passed away in 2018 at the age of 63. However, his legacy as one of Australia's most talented and innovative jewellers lives on through the countless pieces of jewellery that he created, as well as the many students and designers whom he inspired and influenced throughout his career.
Gasolier
A gasolier lighting fixtures were popular during the Victorian era. A gasolier consists of a chandelier that has been fitted with gas lights instead of candles. Gasoliers were a popular choice for indoor lighting during the 19th century because of the ready availability of gas as a fuel source and the convenience and brightness it provided compared to candles.
Gasoliers were typically made of brass or bronze and often had intricate designs and embellishments, reflecting the ornate aesthetic of the Victorian era. They were usually suspended from the ceiling and were commonly used in grand halls, drawing rooms, and other formal spaces in homes and public buildings.
After the widespread adoption of electricity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, gasoliers fell out of favour and many were converted to electric lighting.
Gateleg Table
A dropside table with deep flaps, of which one or more legs
is hinged, able to be opened to support the flap when raised. The hinged legs fold
under the tabletop, allowing the table to be compactly stored when not in use. The
number of legs varied from eight to twelve. These types of tables are believed
to have originated in the 16th century in England, and they were popular among
the wealthy upper class during the 17th and 18th centuries..
Most dining tables of the Jacobean and early Georgian
periods were round oak gateleg tables, usually with barley-sugar twist or
baluster turnings. Some card tables and most Sutherland tables work on the
gateleg principle.
In the early 20th century the gateleg table again become
popular as a small dining table, in a revived Jacobean style. The gateleg
revivals generally have barley twist turned legs and egg-shaped oval tops. They
are also usually finished in a dark coloured polish and have brass or steel
butt hinges.
Gauge
The first model railways had a track width of 48mm (1.89 inches) which was named 1 gauge. With smaller key-wind locomotives a narrower gauge was introduced, call 0 gauge, and then in the early 20th century "half 0" (or HO) gauge was introduced. In Britain and the Commonwealth countries this was called "00" gauge.
Gaunt, Thomas
Thomas Gaunt (1829-1890) was born in London and arrived in Melbourne as a trained clockmaker and optician about 1856. He opened a business at the top of Bourke Street and as well as making and retailing clocks and watches, sold clocks, jewellery and silver.
In about 1870 he moved his business to a corner shop in the Royal Arcade.
He was the official timekeeper for the Victorian Racing Club and occupied the judge's box, although he had no interest in horseracing. He donated a chronometer to the VRC which displayed the time of a race to an accuracy of .25 of a second. Through his timing duties he was able to build up a large clientele from the racing fraternity.
He had strong religous beliefs and connection to the Catholic Church, and supplied much of the church's ecclesiastical plate. On his death it was noted that 2 of his 4 daughters were with the church as nuns.
He made many of the clocks in Melbourne's public buildings, including those for the Melbourne Post office lobby, and the Hotham and Emerald Hill town halls, the latter for which he won an award at the 1880-81 Melbourne International Exhibition.
Thomas Gaunt died in 1890 and his executors continued the business after his death. In 1893 the name of the business was changed to T. Gaunt & Co.
In a supplement to "The Argus" newspaper in Melbourne in 1837 it was noted the business was still operating; the date it closed is not known.
Gavin Chilcott
Gavin Chilcott (1950 -) was born in Auckland and studied at the University of Auckland’s Elam School of Fine Arts from 1968 - 70. His first exhibition was at the Barry Lett Gallery in 1976 and since then he has exhibited widely throughout New Zealand and Internationally. In 1992 he was the Trustbank Canterbury/Arts Council Artist in Residence at the Christchurch Arts Centre and has been a recipient of numerous QEII grants.
Chilcott lives and works in Wellington, New Zealand, and although primarily a painter, Chilcott has worked in other media such as ceramics, rugs, furniture, as well as lithography and sculpture.
His work is held in the collections of many public art institutions in New Zealand and Australia.
Gazzard, Marea
Marea Gazzard was born in Sydney in 1928, and studied ceramics at the National Art School, East Sydney from 1953 to 1955, and then at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London from 1955 to 1959.
After a period of travelling, she returned to Australia in 1960 to set up her own workshop inn Paddington, a suburb of Sydney.
Working in both clay and metal, her designs are influenced by Aboriginal culture.
Her work is represented in the National Gallery of Australia, most state art galleries and a number of regional and local galleries.
Marea Gazzard died in Sydney on October 28, 2013.
Gebruder Bing
Gebruder Bing was a German toy company that was founded in 1863 by the Bing brothers, Ignaz, Adolf, and Georg. The company was based in Nuremberg, Germany, and it became one of the largest and most successful toy manufacturers in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The company began as a producer of tinplate toys and quickly became known for its high-quality products. The company's range of products included model trains, dolls, cars, and construction sets. In addition to its toy products, Gebrüder Bing also produced a range of household goods, such as cooking utensils and clocks.
Gebrüder Bing was a pioneer in the use of automated production techniques and was one of the first toy companies to use mass-production methods. The company was also known for its innovative marketing strategies, and it established a network of international distributors and sales agents to sell its products around the world. Gebrüder Bing was a major force in the German toy industry for many years and was responsible for many innovations in toy design and production. Its products are now highly sought after by collectors.
As a result of the depression caused by the 1928 Wall Street crash the company failed and much of its equipment was taken over by rival toy manufacturer, Karl Bub in 1933.
Gebruder Heubach
Gebruder Heubach was a German porcelain doll manufacturer that was established in 1840 by Georg Christoph and Phillipp Jakob Heubach in Lichte, Thuringia, Germany. Initially, the company produced household ceramics, but in 1863 they began manufacturing dolls.
The company's first dolls were made of bisque porcelain, which was a new material at the time. They quickly gained a reputation for their high-quality dolls, which were known for their realistic features and lifelike expressions. Gebruder Heubach's dolls were especially popular in the United States and were exported in large quantities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Gebruder Heubach's most famous doll is the "Laughing" or "Giggling" baby, which was introduced in 1912. The doll's open-mouthed expression and gurgling noise made it an instant hit, and it became one of the most popular dolls of the early 20th century.
During World War I, Gebruder Heubach's factory was converted to produce military goods, and after the war, the company struggled to regain its position in the market. In the 1920s, the company introduced a new line of dolls made of composition material, which helped to revive its fortunes.
Gebruder Heubach continued to produce dolls throughout the 20th century, but the company's output declined in the post-World War II era and in 1990 the factory closed.
Gentleman's Chair / Ladies Chair
A gentleman's chair, gent's chair or grandfather chair is a term usually applied in Australia to a deep upholstered Victorian easy chair, often button-backed and with upholstered arms. The chair generally stood on short cabriole legs and had a 'spoon' or a wide balloon back. The 'show wood', that is, the polished frame, was usually mahogany or walnut, although many examples in Australian red cedar have survived.
There are Australian versions of the gentleman's chair, ladies chair and matching settees, usually made from cedar, and occasionally from blackwood. As cedar is a softer timber than walnut, mahogany and rosewood, from which the English versions were made, the carving is usually not as crisp as in the imported version. However the Australian blackwood gentleman's chair is often difficult to distinguish from a good quality English walnut example.
The Edwardian form of the gentleman's chair is much squarer in outline, with short turned legs and the arms are often supported by spindles. There was sometimes a row of spindles, like a gallery, beneath the top rail. The chairs were frequently upholstered in leather.
The cost of re-upholstering seating furniture such as a gentleman's chair, can be substantial, and it is financially prudent to pay a little more for a chair that is newly upholstered, rather than purchasing a well-loved example which will require re-upholstering in the short term.
A ladies chair or grandmother chair is smaller version of a grandfather chair, but without arms, sometimes, though misleadingly, referred to as a nursing chair. The grandfather and grandmother chairs were usually part of a drawing room suite consisting of the two chairs, a couch or chaise longue and four or six single side chairs.
George Adams, Silversmith
George Adams was an English silversmith who worked in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was a well-respected craftsman who produced a range of high-quality silverware, including tea sets, flatware, and decorative pieces. Adams worked in London, where he had his own workshop and was a member of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths. He was active from around 1770 to 1820 and is known for his finely crafted and ornate designs. Some of Adams's most notable works include a set of silver plates that he made for King George III and a silver tea set that was presented to Queen Charlotte by the City of London.
George Bullock
George Bullock (1802-1875) was a 19th-century British furniture maker and designer known for his innovative and ornate designs. He was born in 1802 in Lancaster, England, and began his career as a cabinet maker. He later moved to London, where he established his own furniture workshop and showroom.
He was known for his elaborate and eclectic designs, which were heavily influenced by ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman architecture. He often incorporated motifs such as sphinxes, hieroglyphs and other Egyptian symbols into his furniture. He also experimented with different materials, including bronze, ivory and mother-of-pearl.
Bullock's furniture was highly sought after by wealthy clients, including royalty and members of the aristocracy. He exhibited his work at several international exhibitions, including the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, where he won a medal for his contributions.
Bullock's furniture is considered to be some of the most unique and innovative of the 19th century. He died in 1875
George Gyori,
George Gyori, born circa 1938, arrived in 1957 in Australia as a 19-year-old Hungarian refugee, courtesy of the Red Cross. He trained as an engineer and in 1963 started his own general engineering business. Once his business was established, hebegan purchasing wristwatches,and then clocks. Fascinated with the precision of their mechanisms he widened his collection to include scientific instruments. After collecting for about 20 years he became frustrated that there were some scientific instruments he was unable to purchase, so he used his engineering skills to make perfect replicas of these items.
The collection of George Gyori was sold in a single vendor sale Melbourne in 2021.
George Hepplewhite
George Hepplewhite was an English furniture designer and cabinetmaker who was active in the late 18th century. He is known for his elegant and refined furniture designs, which were popular in the late Georgian period and have remained influential to this day.
Hepplewhite was born in 1727 in Ryton, England, and worked as a furniture designer and maker in London throughout his career. He is best known for his book, "The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Guide," which was published posthumously in 1788. The book was a collection of furniture designs and was highly influential in the development of the Neoclassical style in furniture design.
Hepplewhite's furniture designs were characterized by their lightness, elegance, and refinement. He favoured delicate proportions, graceful curves, and intricate decorative details, such as carved rosettes and delicate fretwork. He also experimented with new materials and techniques, such as the use of satinwood veneers and inlay work, which gave his furniture a distinctive and luxurious look.
Hepplewhite's designs were highly sought after by the upper classes in England, who appreciated their elegance and sophistication. He was also popular with furniture makers, who used his designs as a template for their own work.
Although Hepplewhite died in 1786, his influence on furniture design continued to be felt throughout the 19th century and beyond. His designs were popular in the United States during the Federal period and continue to be highly regarded by furniture collectors and enthusiasts today. While George Hepplewhite was a highly influential furniture designer, it can be difficult to directly attribute specific pieces of furniture to him, as he did not typically sign his work. However, there are several pieces of furniture that have been associated with Hepplewhite based on their design characteristics and the period in which they were created.
George Ii
George II (1683 - 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1727 until his death in 1760.
George Iii
George III (1738 - 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820.
George Iv
George IV (1762 – 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and king of Hanover from 1820, until his own death in 1830. From 1811 until his accession in 1820, he served as Prince Regent during his father's final mental illness.
In English furniture design, his reign from 1811 to 1830 is known as the Regency period.
George Jensen
Danish silversmith Georg Jensen (1866 - 1934) served his apprenticeship under Holm of Svartgade, Copenhagen and became a journeyman in 1884, at the same time taking classes in art, modelling and engraving. From 1897 he studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and briefly worked for Bing & Grondahl
In the 1890s, he came under the influence of Mogens Ballin and spent some time in his workshop in 1899. In 1900, he won a scholarship which took him to Italy and France. On his return, he established a small porcelain factory with Joachim Petersen but this proved unsuccessful and he opened his first workshop in 1904 producing a small selection of silver jewellery.
He specialised in semi-precious stones and enamelware set in silver, and his designs for brooches, buckles and pendants were inspired by nature and the ideals of the Art Nouveau and Arts & Crafts movement.
In 1907, he began collaborating with the painter Johan Rohde in translating the forms of post-Impressionist painting into the medium of silver. The cutlery and table silver for which he is renown today belong to the latter part of his life (1914-1935). The earliest pieces by Jensen, from 1908 to 1910, when he won a gold medal for silverware at the Brussels International Exhibition, are much sought after.
After his death, the George Jensen brand continued, assisted by a group of talented designers he had recruited and nurtured. As one of the most talented, original, and influential silversmiths of the 20th century, Georg Jensen silver designs live on today as an international luxury brand with 94 fully owned stores and over 1200 employees.
In 2012 the Georg Jensen company was purchased by venture company Investcorp for $US140 million.
George Jensen Acorn Pattern
The George Jensen Acorn pattern is a classic design that was created by the Danish silversmith and designer George Jensen in the early 1900s. The pattern features a series of acorns and oak leaves, which are beautifully rendered in a simple and elegant style. The Acorn pattern is one of Jensen's most popular and enduring designs, and it is still in production today by the George Jensen company. The Acorn pattern can be found on a wide range of silverware and tableware, including flatware, serving pieces, and hollowware. It is often used for formal occasions and is known for its timeless, classic appeal.
George Jones & Sons
George Jones & Sons was a prominent ceramics manufacturer in Stoke-on-Trent, England, which operated from 1864 to 1951. The company was founded by George Jones, who had previously worked for other prominent ceramics firms in the area, and his sons, who joined the business in the 1880s.
The company produced a wide range of ceramics, including earthenware, majolica, and porcelain, and was particularly well-known for its decorative pieces, such as vases, jugs, and figurines. The company's designs were often inspired by historical styles, such as the Renaissance and Rococo, and featured elaborate floral and foliage motifs, as well as figural scenes.
The founder, George Jones died in 1893 and the business continued under the name 'George Jones & Sons' until about 1907 when the works were renamed 'Crescent Potteries' Crescent China was known for its high-quality materials and craftsmanship, as well as its elegant and understated designs, which were often influenced by Japanese and Art Nouveau styles.
In 1929 the first of several changes in ownership occurred, and the company was facing competition from cheaper foreign imports and struggled to adapt to changing consumer tastes. Use of the Crescent China trade name ceased around 1951 and George Jones & Sons Ltd ceased trading in 1957.
George Mulhauser
George Mulhauser was an American industrial designer known for his contributions to mid-century modern furniture. Born in 1922, Mulhauser gained recognition for his innovative and sleek designs during the mid-20th century.
Mulhauser is particularly associated with his work at Plycraft, a furniture manufacturing company based in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He joined Plycraft in the 1950s and played a significant role in creating iconic pieces that exemplified the mid-century modern aesthetic. One of his most famous designs is the "Mr. Chair," a lounge chair that became an emblem of the era.
The Mr. Chair, produced in the 1960s, featured a distinctive walnut shell and a curved, organic form. Its design was both comfortable and stylish, making it a sought-after piece for mid-century enthusiasts. The chair's innovative use of molded plywood reflected the influence of other prominent designers like Charles and Ray Eames.
George Mulhauser's contributions to Plycraft and mid-century modern design solidified his place in the history of American furniture.
George Nelson
George Nelson (1908-1986) was an American industrial designer, architect, and writer. He was one of the most influential figures in mid-century modern design, creating some of the most iconic furniture pieces of the era.
Nelson was born in Hartford, Connecticut, and grew up in a prominent family. He attended Yale University, where he studied architecture and art history. After graduating, he worked briefly as a reporter before landing a job at the architecture firm of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill in New York City.
In the 1940s, Nelson became design director at Herman Miller, a furniture manufacturer. There, he created some of his most famous designs, including the Coconut Chair, the Marshmallow Sofa, and the Bubble Lamp. He also collaborated with other designers, such as Charles and Ray Eames, and helped bring their designs to market.
Nelson was known for his innovative use of materials and his ability to combine form and function in his designs. He believed that good design should be accessible to everyone and sought to create furniture that was both beautiful and practical. He was also a proponent of the modernist movement, which sought to break with traditional design and embrace new forms and materials.
In addition to his work as a designer, Nelson was a prolific writer and editor. He served as the editor-in-chief of the design magazine "Industrial Design" and wrote several books on design, including "How to See: A Guide to Reading Our Man-made Environment" and "Problems of Design."
Nelson's designs are still produced by Herman Miller and are highly sought after by collectors. He is remembered not only for his groundbreaking work in furniture design but also for his contributions to design theory and education.
George Peddle
George Peddle was a skilled chairmaker who operated in Tasmania in the late 19th and early 20th century. He is known for producing high-quality Windsor-style chairs that were popular throughout the region.
Windsor chairs are a type of wooden chair characterized by their spindle back and armrests, as well as their solid, often splayed legs. They originated in England in the early 18th century and quickly became popular throughout the British Empire.
Peddle's Windsor chairs were particularly well-crafted, featuring carefully turned spindles and legs, and often incorporating decorative carving and other ornamental details. Many of his chairs were made from Tasmanian blackwood, a dense and durable hardwood that was abundant in the region at the time.
Peddle's chairs are considered important examples of Australian furniture design from the late 19th and early 20th century.
George Richard Addis
George Richard Addis, was born in Victoria to a family from Herefordshire. In Victoria, the family farmed shire horses and had a transport business. George Addis trained as a jeweller in the eastern states and then moved to Tasmania where he displayed his craft in a colonial exhibition in Launceston in 1891-2. He then moved to Western Australia in 1894 and set up shop in the town of Boulder in 1893 and then later in Kalgoorlie where he displayed his noted collection of nuggets as well as his jewellery. He retired in 1911 to a farm he owned in Tenterden, a small town over 300km south east of Perth where he died circa 1937.
George Smith
George Smith was a London furniture designer and maker who was active during the Regency and Early Victorian periods. He is best known for his elegant and refined furniture, which was often inspired by classical antiquity and the French Empire style.
Smith was born in London in c.1786. He is thought to have been apprenticed to a cabinetmaker, and he may have also studied at the Royal Academy of Arts. In 1806, he set up his own workshop in Soho, London.
Smith's furniture was characterized by its clean lines, delicate proportions, and restrained ornamentation. He often used a variety of woods, including mahogany, rosewood, and satinwood, and he frequently incorporated inlays and marquetry. Smith's furniture was also known for its comfort and functionality.
Smith's furniture was popular with the wealthy and fashionable, and he received commissions from many prominent clients, including the Prince Regent and the Duke of Wellington. He also exhibited his furniture at the Royal Academy of Arts and other major exhibitions. Some of Smith's notable pieces of furniture include a mahogany library table, made in 1817, which is now in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum; a rosewood and satinwood sofa, made in 1820, which is now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and a mahogany and marquetry writing desk, made in 1825, which is now in the Frick Collection
Smith died in London in 1826 at the age of 40.
George Sowden
George James Sowden (born 1942) is a British designer who is best known for his work with the Memphis Group. He was born in Leeds, England, and studied architecture at Gloucestershire College of Art in the 1960s. In 1970, he moved to Milan, where he started working with Ettore Sottsass and Olivetti.
In 1981, Sowden was one of the co-founders of the Memphis Group, a design movement that was known for its use of bold colors, geometric shapes, and eclectic materials. Sowden designed a number of iconic pieces for Memphis, including the Carlton bookcase, the Tahiti coffee table, and the Flamingo lamp.
After Memphis disbanded in 1988, Sowden continued to work as an independent designer. He has collaborated with a number of major companies, including Alessi, Bodum, and Guzzini. His work has been exhibited in museums and galleries around the world.
Sowden is a recipient of the Compasso d'Oro Award, the highest honour in Italian design. He is also a member of the Royal Society of Arts.
George V
George V (1865 – 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 1910 until his death in 1936.
George Vi
George VI (1895 – 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India, and the first Head of the Commonwealth. he was the father of Queen Elizabeth II.
Georges Carette Et Cie
Georges Carette et Cie was a French toy company that was founded in 1881 by Georges Carette. The company produced a wide variety of tinplate toys, including trains, automobiles, and boats. The company was particularly known for its detailed and accurate replicas of vehicles.
The company's most innovative period was between 1905-1914. Georges Carette was forced to leave Germany at the outbreak of World War I and his company ceased production in 1917. German producer Karl Bub took over some of the former Carette toy-cars and the English manufacturer Bassett-Lowke continued producing former Carette locomotives.
Georgia Marketing & Promotions (gmp)
Georgia Marketing & Promotions (GMP) is a small diecast toy company based in Winder, Georgia. It was founded in 1992 by brothers Mark and Jeff Palmer. The company started out as a wholesale division of ACME Trading Company, but it soon became a separate entity. GMP is known for its high-quality diecast cars, trucks, and other vehicles. The company's products are sold through a network of dealers around the world.
In the early years, GMP focused on producing diecast replicas of popular racing cars. The company's first release was a 1/24 scale replica of the 1992 Ford Taurus NASCAR race car driven by Bill Elliott. GMP quickly gained a reputation for producing accurate and detailed diecast cars.
In the late 1990s, GMP began to expand its product line to include other types of vehicles. The company released diecast replicas of classic cars, trucks, military vehicles, and even some fantasy vehicles. GMP also began to produce diecast sets, which included multiple vehicles in a single package.
Today, GMP is one of the leading diecast toy companies in the world. The company's products are known for their high quality and attention to detail. GMP continues to produce a wide variety of diecast vehicles, including racing cars, classic cars, trucks, military vehicles, and fantasy vehicles. The company's products are sold through a network of dealers around the world.
View further examples of Georgia Marketing & Promotions (gmp)
Georgian
As an English stylistic period, Georgian is usually taken to cover the period from George I (1714) to the Regency of Prince George (1811-20), although the period from 1800 to 1830 is sometimes designated as the Regency period. During the Georgian period the great English cabinetmakers and designers such as Chippendale, Hepplewhite, Adam Sheraton etc., were all active.
Therefore there isn't a single 'Georgian style' as such and to say something is 'Georgian', usually means it was made between 1714 and 1830. This assumes we discount George V and George VI, both being from the 20th century.
The styles popular at the time of each reign were:
George I (1714-1727) saw out the last years of the Baroque period.
George II (1727-1760) reigned during the Rococo period.
George III (1760-1820) saw the last gasp of the Rococo, all of the early Neo-Classic 'Adam style' and most of the later neo-Classic 'Regency style'.
George IV (Prince Regent 1820-1830)encompassed the last of the 'Regency' style.
William IV's reign (1830-1837) was something of a no man's land (stylistically) and he wasn't a 'George' anyway. He covered the last glimmerings of 'Regency' and the start of the 'Victorian' style.
Georgian Jacobute Glasses
Georgian Jacobite wine glasses is a type of drinking glass that is named after the Jacobite movement, a political movement that aimed to restore the Stuart dynasty to the British throne.
Jacobite wine glasses were made to commemorate the Stuart dynasty and the Jacobite cause, and often featured a variety of decorative elements that symbolized the movement. For example, some glasses had a portrait of Charles Edward Stuart, the "Young Pretender," or an engraving of a rose, which was a symbol of the Jacobite cause.
The glasses were often made in sets of six or more and were used for serving wine or other alcoholic beverages. They were typically made of clear glass and had a delicate, elegant design, with a tall, slender stem and a wide, round bowl.
They are considered a classic example of Georgian glassware and are admired for their historical significance and fine craftsmanship.
Georgian Jelly Glasses
As the name implies, a jelly glass is a type of small drinking style glass that was used for serving jelly or other desserts during the Georgian era, which lasted from the early 18th century to the early 19th century. The glass is typically small and has a delicate, elegant design, often with a short stem and a wide, shallow bowl.
Georgian jelly glasses were often made in sets of six or more, and were used for serving individual portions of jelly or other desserts. They were often decorated with cutting or engraving, and could be plain or coloured. Some jelly glasses were also made with other decorative features such as air-twist stems, opaque twists, or diamond-point engraving.
Georgian Toasting Glass
The Georgian toasting glass was specifically designed for toasting, which was a popular social custom during the Georgian era.
The glasses were typically large and heavy with a thick stem and a wide, round bowl. They were often decorated with cutting or engraving, and could be plain or coloured.
To use a Georgian toasting glass, the host or hostess would typically fill the glass with wine or another alcoholic beverage, and then pass it to the guest of honour. The guest would then make a toast, often to the health of the host or hostess or to some other important person or event. After the toast, the guest would drink from the glass and then pass it to the next person, who would make their own toast.
Georgian Twist Stem Wine Glasses
A Georgian twist stem glass is a type of drinking glass that was popular in the Georgian era, which lasted from the early 18th century to the early 19th century. The glass is known for its distinctive twisted stem, which is made by twisting a length of hot glass as it is being blown. The stem can be twisted in various patterns, such as spiral or helix, and can have a single or multiple twists.
Georgian twist stem glasses were often used for serving wine, champagne, or other spirits, and were prized for their elegance and beauty. They were often decorated with cutting, engraving, or etching, and could be plain or coloured. Some Georgian twist stem glasses were also made with other decorative features such as air-twist threads, opaque twists, or diamond-point engraving.
An opaque twist is a twisted pattern of opaque white or coloured glass threads that are embedded within the stem or bowl of the glass. The threads are twisted in a spiral pattern and can be seen through the clear glass, giving the glass a distinctive and elegant appearance.
An air twist stem was made by trapping air within thin strands of twisted glass, which gives the stem a delicate, lace-like appearance. To make an air twist stem, the glassblower would first create a long, straight rod of glass, and then twist it into a spiral pattern. The glass would then be reheated, and the spiral pattern would be stretched out and twisted again, trapping air bubbles within the glass threads. The process could be repeated several times, creating multiple layers of twisted glass with air bubbles trapped between them.
Georgian twist stem glasses are considered a classic example of Georgian glassware and are admired for their intricate craftsmanship and timeless beauty.
Gerda Iro Gottstein,
Gerda Iro Gottstein, known professionally as Gerdago, was an Austrian sculptor and costume designer.
She was born in Vienna in 1906 and received her artistic training in Berlin and Paris in the late 1920s. In the early 1930s, Gerdago began designing Art Deco statuettes. Her figures are characterized by their dramatic poses, bold costumes, and intricate detailing. She often used cold-painted enamel and gilding to decorate her works.
Gerdago's statuettes were very popular during the Art Deco period, and she was considered to be one of the leading artists of the genre. Her work was exhibited in galleries and museums all over the world. In the early 1930s, Gerdago also began working as a costume designer for film and theater. She designed costumes for over 80 films during her career, including the popular Sissi trilogy starring Romy Schneider.
Gerdago survived the Holocaust, but her career was interrupted by the war. After the war, she resumed her work as a costume designer and sculptor. She continued to design costumes for films and theater, and she also created new sculptures. Gerdago died in Vienna in 2004 at the age of 98. Her work is still highly sought-after by collectors, and her statuettes can be found in museums and galleries around the world.
Gerrit Rietveld
Gerrit Thomas Rietveld (1888 –1964) was a Dutch architect and furniture designer. He was a leading member of the De Stijl movement, an influential art movement that emphasized abstraction and geometric forms. Rietveld's furniture designs are some of the most iconic examples of De Stijl, and his work has had a lasting influence on modern design.
Rietveld was born in Utrecht, Netherlands, the son of a joiner, and he apprenticed with his father from a young age. In 1906, he enrolled in the Utrecht School of Arts and Crafts, where he studied architecture and furniture design. After graduating in 1911, he worked as a furniture maker and designer in Utrecht.
In 1917, Rietveld joined the De Stijl movement. De Stijl was founded in 1917 by Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian, and other artists and architects. The movement was based on the belief that art should be based on simple geometric forms and primary colors. Rietveld's furniture designs were a perfect expression of these ideals.
One of Rietveld's most famous furniture designs is the Red and Blue Chair. The chair was designed in 1918 and is made of wood and leather. The chair is a striking example of De Stijl design, with its simple geometric forms and primary colors.
Rietveld also designed a number of other iconic furniture pieces, including the Zig-Zag Chair, the Schröder House, and the Van Gogh Museum. His work has had a lasting influence on modern design, and his furniture is still widely admired and collected today.
Rietveld died in Utrecht in 1964. He was 76 years old.
Gesso
A mixture of plaster of Paris and gypsum mixed with water and then applied to the carved wooden frames of mirrors and picture frames as a base for applying gold leaf. After numerous coats of gesso have been applied, allowed to dry and then sanded a coat of "bole", a usually red coloured mixture of clay and glue is brushed on and allowed to dry, after which the gold leaf is applied. In painting, gesso is also used to prime a canvas prior to applying paint.
Giancarlo Piretti
Giancarlo Piretti was an Italian mid-century modern furniture designer who was born in Bologna in 1940. He studied at the Instituto Statale d'Arte and then worked as a designer for Anonima Castelli, designing various ranges of furniture. It was the start of a long collaboration, spanning more than 20 years!
Piretti was a prolific designer, and he created a wide range of furniture, including chairs, tables, sofas, and lighting. His designs were often characterized by their simple lines, elegant materials, and comfortable seating and believed that furniture should not only be aesthetically pleasing but also comfortable, practical, and adaptable to various needs. He was also known for his innovative use of new technologies and materials.
One of Gian Carlo Piretti's most iconic designs is the "Plia" folding chair, which he created in 1967. This chair is celebrated for its sleek, space-saving design and comfort. He also designed other popular pieces, including the "Alky" chair in 1969 and the "DSC" chair, which featured innovative materials and manufacturing techniques. Piretti is known for his pioneering work in ergonomic design. He incorporated ergonomic principles into many of his chairs, ensuring that they provided optimal comfort and support. His designs often featured features such as flexible backrests and contoured seating surfaces.
Piretti's furniture has been featured in some of the world's most prestigious design publications, and it has been used in homes and businesses all over the globe. He has also received numerous awards for his work, including the Compasso d'Oro award in 1988.
Piretti's designs continue to be popular and his furniture is known for its timeless style, its high quality, and its comfortable seating.
Gianfranco Frattini
Gianfranco Frattini (1926-2004) was a prolific Italian designer who worked in a wide range of fields, including furniture, lighting, and industrial design. He was born in Padua, Italy, and studied architecture at the University of Venice. After graduating in 1953, he moved to Milan to work with the architect Gino Valle.
In the late 1950s, Frattini began to design lighting for the Italian company Artemide. His designs were characterized by their simplicity, elegance, and functionality. He was also interested in using new materials and technologies in his work. One of Frattini's most famous lighting designs is the Eclisse lamp, which he designed in 1966. The lamp consists of two hemispherical shades that can be rotated to create different lighting effects. The Eclisse lamp was an instant success and is still one of Artemide's most popular products today.
Other notable lighting designs by Frattini include the Atollo lamp (1977), the Tizio desk lamp (1972), and the Logico lamp (1970). Frattini's lighting designs have been exhibited in museums and galleries around the world, and he has won numerous awards for his work.
Gianni Versace
Gianni Versace was an Italian fashion designer known for his daring fashions and glamorous lifestyle. He was born on December 2, 1946, in Reggio Calabria, Italy. His mother was a dressmaker, and Gianni grew up watching her work. After graduating from high school, he spent a short time at her shop before moving to Milan in 1972. In Milan, Versace worked for several Italian ateliers, including Genny, Complice, Mario Valentino, and Callaghan. In 1978, he established his own company, Gianni Versace SpA, and staged his first ready-to-wear show under his own name that same year. His brother, Santo, served as CEO, and his sister, Donatella, was a designer and vice president.
Versace quickly became one of the most successful fashion designers in the world. His designs were known for their bold colors, luxurious fabrics, and daring cuts. He dressed some of the most famous celebrities of the time, including Madonna, Princess Diana, Elton John, and Tina Turner. In 1997, Versace was shot and killed outside his Miami Beach mansion, Casa Casuarina. His murder was a shock to the fashion world and to the public at large. He was 50 years old.
In addition to his fashion designs, Versace also designed costumes for theater and films. He won a Tony Award for his costumes for the Broadway production of "The Normal Heart." Versace was a flamboyant and charismatic figure who lived life to the fullest. He was known for his lavish parties and his love of beautiful things. He was also a generous philanthropist who donated millions of dollars to charity.
Versace's death was a tragedy, but his legacy continues to inspire people all over the world. He was a true visionary who changed the way the world looked at fashion.
Gibson Guitars
Gibson is an iconic American guitar manufacturer, founded in 1902 in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The company is known for producing high-quality guitars that are used by musicians around the world.
One of Gibson's most famous guitar models is the Les Paul, which was introduced in 1952. The Les Paul is a solid-body electric guitar that has a distinctive shape and sound. It has been used by many famous guitarists, including Jimmy Page, Slash, and Eric Clapton.
Gibson has also produced other famous guitar models, such as the SG, the Flying V, and the ES-335. The SG is a solid-body electric guitar that was introduced in 1961, and it has been used by musicians such as Angus Young of AC/DC and Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath. The Flying V is a futuristic-looking guitar that was introduced in 1958, and it has been used by guitarists such as Jimi Hendrix and Albert King. The ES-335 is a semi-hollow body electric guitar that was introduced in 1958, and it has been used by musicians such as B.B. King and Chuck Berry.
Gibson has also produced acoustic guitars, including the J-45 and the Hummingbird. The J-45 is a dreadnought-style acoustic guitar that was introduced in 1942, and it has been used by musicians such as Bob Dylan and John Lennon. The Hummingbird is another acoustic guitar model that was introduced in 1960, and it has been used by musicians such as Keith Richards and Gram Parsons.
Gibson guitars are known for their high-quality construction and materials, including premium woods such as mahogany, maple, and rosewood. Many Gibson guitars also feature hand-crafted details, such as intricate inlays and custom finishes.
Gibson guitars are highly respected by musicians and collectors for their iconic designs, high-quality construction, and unique sound.
Gien Pottery
Gien Pottery was founded in 1821 in Gien, a small town in the Loiret region of France. The original factory was established to produce faience, a type of glazed earthenware, which was in high demand during the 19th century.
In the early years, Gien Pottery was known for producing simple, functional pieces, such as plates and bowls, but as the company grew and evolved, it began to produce more elaborate and decorative pieces, such as vases and figurines. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Gien Pottery became known for its intricate and ornate designs, which were inspired by a range of styles, including Art Nouveau and Art Deco.
One of the hallmarks of Gien Pottery is its use of transfer printing, a technique that allows for the precise replication of intricate designs on ceramics. This technique allowed Gien Pottery to produce large numbers of pieces with the same design, making it possible for the company to sell its wares on a large scale.
Gilding
Gilding is a method of ornamentation whereby a thin sheet of gold metal is applied to items made of wood, leather, ceramics, glass and silver for decorative purposes.
For furniture including mirrors, the sheet of gold is usually applied over a coating of gesso. Gesso is a mixture of plaster of Paris and gypsum mixed with water and then applied to the carved wooden frames of mirrors and picture frames as a base for applying the gold leaf. After numerous coats of gesso have been applied, allowed to dry and then sanded a coat of "bole", a usually red coloured mixture of clay and glue is brushed on and allowed to dry, after which the gold leaf is applied. Over time parts of the gilding will rub off so the base colour can be seen. In water gilding, this was generally a blue colour, while in oil gilding, the under layer was often yellow. In Victorian times, gilders frequently used red as a pigment beneath the gold leaf.
Metal was often gilded by a process known as fire gilding. Gold mixed with mercury was applied and heated, causing the mercury to evaporate, the long-term effect of which was to kill or disable the craftsman or woman from mercury poisoning. The pursuit of beauty has claimed many victims, not the least of which were the artists who made those pieces so highly sought after today.
Giles Bettison
Giles Bettison is an Australian glass artist known for his intricate and colorful murrine glasswork. He was born in 1966 in Melbourne, Australia.
Bettison's interest in glass began when he was studying ceramics at the Chisholm Institute of Technology in Melbourne. He was drawn to the transparency and optical qualities of glass, and began experimenting with it in his work. After completing his studies, Bettison moved to Adelaide, where he worked as an artist and technician at the Jam Factory, a contemporary craft and design studio.
In the early 1990s, Bettison began to develop his signature style of murrine glasswork. Murrine is an ancient glassmaking technique that involves layering and fusing together thin rods of colored glass, then slicing the resulting cylinder to reveal a cross-section of the pattern. Bettison's murrine pieces are characterized by their intricate, kaleidoscopic designs, which are made up of hundreds or even thousands of individual elements.
In 1998, he won the Tom Malone Prize for Contemporary Glass at the Art Gallery of Western Australia. In 2004, he was awarded the prestigious Rakow Commission by the Corning Museum of Glass in New York, which resulted in a major exhibition of his work at the museum in 2006. He has also been a finalist for the Stanislav Libensky Award in the Czech Republic and the Bombay Sapphire Prize in the UK.
In addition to his work as a glass artist, Bettison has taught and lectured at numerous institutions, including the Australian National University, the Canberra Glassworks, and Pilchuck Glass School in the United States.
Giles Grendey, Cabinetmaker
Giles Grendey (c.1725-1775) was an 18th-century cabinet maker who worked in London during the mid-18th century. He was one of the leading cabinet makers of his time and was known for producing high-quality furniture in the Rococo style. Grendey's work was characterized by its elaborate and ornate designs, often featuring intricate carving, gilding, and inlaid marquetry.
His clients included members of the British aristocracy and wealthy merchants, and his work was highly sought after by collectors and connoisseurs. Despite his success, little is known about his life and work, and only a small number of pieces bearing his name have survived to the present day. Nevertheless, his contributions to the development of Rococo furniture design confirm his reputation as one of the leading cabinet makers of his time.
Gillow Furniture
Gillow & Company were an English furniture company, founded by Robert Gillow (1704-72) in Lancaster about 1727. Robert's younger son, also named Robert, (1745-1795) established a branch of the business in Oxford Street, London around 1769. In 1813 the firm was taken over by a partnership of Redmayne, Whiteside and Ferguson but continued to trade under the Gillow name.
During the nineteenth century, Gillows became the leading manufacturers of furniture for the rising middle and upper class market due to the quality of the materials used and craftsmanship in manufacture. For major clients it was supplying complete interior decorating schemes including metalwork, stained glass, wallpapers and the whole range of upholstery and soft furnishings as well as furniture
The company encountered financial difficulties towards the end of the 19th century and this led to a loose association with Waring of Liverpool from 1897. In 1903, Waring took over Gillows, and Waring & Gillow was established, marking the end of the Gillow name as a benchmark for quality.
Trading as Waring and Gillow the firm survived the depression and in 1962 it was taken over by Great Universal Stores. It merged with Maples in 1980 and in 1990 maple Waring & Gillow as it was then named was taken over by Allied Maples Group.
Gillow furniture is keenly sought by enthisiasts, not only because of its fine quality, but because many of the pieces they manufactured were signed with the Gillows name. The Gillow orders and designs were recorded in the "Estimate Sketch Books" which are preserved in the City of Westminster archives enabling historians and collectors to establish a provenance, the who and when, of some pieces that come onto the market. In 2004 Christie's London held an auction of "The Glory of Gillows and Fine English Furniture" which included 81 lots by Gillow.
In July 2008, Bonhams London held a sale of "Fine English Furniture and Works of Art including the Bracewell Collection of Furniture by Gillows and Holland & Sons", which included 43 lots by Gillow, of which 35 were sold at the auction.
Giltwood
Giltwood is used to describe a gold finish on furniture and other decorative wooden items, whereby a thin sheet of gold metal, called gold leaf, is applied to the surface for decorative purposes.
Unlike gilding, where the gold leaf is applied over a coating of gesso, with giltwood the gold leaf is applied direct to the surface, or over a coat of linseed oil gold leaf adhesive.
Most gold-finished mirrors will be gilded, whereas furniture with gold highlights will have the gold applied through the giltwood method.
Gimbal
On a ship, a gimbal is a pivoted mounting for the compass, clock, chronometer, stoves, drink holders and other equipment which keeps the item horizontal, no matter which way the vessel is leaning.
Ginger Beer Bottles
The use of stoneware ginger beer bottles dates back to the 18th century when ginger beer first gained popularity as a refreshing and effervescent beverage. Stoneware bottles were the preferred choice for packaging ginger beer due to their durability and ability to withstand the pressure generated by carbonation.
Stoneware, a type of ceramic made from clay fired at high temperatures, provided an ideal material for ginger beer bottles. The thick walls of stoneware bottles allowed them to handle the internal pressure created by the fermentation process without cracking or bursting. This made them well-suited for containing the carbonated ginger beer.
The production of stoneware ginger beer bottles initially emerged in England, the birthplace of ginger beer. Potteries in Staffordshire, London, and other regions became renowned for their production of these bottles. Skilled potters handcrafted the bottles using traditional techniques, including throwing the clay on a potter's wheel and shaping it into the desired form.
Stoneware ginger beer bottles were typically cylindrical or rounded in shape, with a narrow neck and a wide mouth for easy pouring. They often featured a handle or grip near the neck to facilitate holding and pouring the beverage. The bottles were also decorated with embossed or stamped designs, showcasing the manufacturer's name, location, and sometimes ornate patterns.
The embossed decorations on stoneware ginger beer bottles served both functional and decorative purposes. They reinforced the bottle's structure and provided a textured surface for an improved grip. The embossing also helped identify the producer and created a distinctive appearance, contributing to the brand recognition of various ginger beer manufacturers.
The bottles were typically salt-glazed, a technique where salt was introduced into the kiln during firing, resulting in a glassy surface and a characteristic orange-peel texture. This glazing process enhanced the durability and impermeability of the stoneware, making the bottles less susceptible to moisture and ensuring the ginger beer retained its carbonation.
Stoneware ginger beer bottles were widely used throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. However, with advancements in glass making technology and the growing availability of glass bottles, stoneware bottles gradually declined in popularity. Glass bottles offered advantages such as transparency, lighter weight, and lower production costs.
Stoneware ginger beer bottles showcase the history of ginger beer production and consumption, as well as the craftsmanship of potters who meticulously crafted these durable vessels.
Ginger Jars
Ginger jars are traditional ceramic vessels that have been used for centuries in both Chinese and Western cultures. The term "ginger jar" is used to describe a wide variety of ceramic containers that are used for storing food, spices, and other items.
Chinese ginger jars are typically made of porcelain and are characterised by their cylindrical shape and distinctive lid. They have a long history in Chinese culture, and have been used for centuries for both practical and decorative purposes. Chinese ginger jars often feature intricate designs and decorations, including floral patterns, landscapes, and scenes from Chinese mythology. They were traditionally used for storing spices, tea, and other foodstuffs, but were also valued as works of art.
Western ginger jars, on the other hand, are typically made of earthenware or ceramics and are not as ornately decorated as their Chinese counterparts. They were popular in Europe and America during the 18th and 19th centuries, and were often used for storing sugar, ginger, and other spices. Western ginger jars are typically more functional in design and do not feature the same level of intricate decoration as Chinese ginger jars.
In recent years, both Chinese and Western ginger jars have become popular decorative items in homes around the world. They are valued for their unique shape and intricate designs and are often used as accent pieces in living rooms, bedrooms, and other spaces. Whether used for their intended purpose or as decorative items, ginger jars continue to be a popular and beloved part of both Chinese and Western cultures.
Gio Ponti
Giovanni "Gio" Ponti (1891-1979) was an Italian architect, designer, and publisher. He is considered one of the most important figures in 20th-century Italian design. Ponti's furniture designs are characterized by their simple, elegant forms, their use of bold colors and patterns, and their attention to detail.
Ponti was born in Milan, Italy, in 1891. He studied architecture at the Politecnico di Milano, where he graduated in 1921. After graduating, Ponti worked as an architect and designer for several different companies. In 1923, he founded the magazine Domus, which he edited for over 50 years.
Ponti's furniture designs were first exhibited at the 1925 Paris Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes. His designs were very successful, and he quickly became one of the most sought-after furniture designers in Italy.
Some of Ponti's most famous furniture designs include the Superleggera chair, the Diwanetto sofa, and the Arco lamp. The Superleggera chair is made of bent plywood and is considered one of the lightest chairs ever designed. The Diwanetto sofa is upholstered in a bold geometric pattern, and the Arco lamp is a cantilevered lamp with a curved steel base and a glass shade.
Ponti's furniture designs were also influenced by his work as an architect. He believed that furniture should be an integral part of the architectural space, and he often designed furniture to complement his architectural projects.
Ponti's furniture designs are still highly sought-after today. They are considered to be some of the most important examples of mid-century modern furniture.
Ponti was a prolific designer, and he also designed a number of other objects, including jewellery, textiles, and ceramics. He was also a talented painter and sculptor.
Ponti died in Milan in 1979. He is considered one of the most important figures in 20th-century Italian design, and his work continues to inspire designers and collectors around the world.
Giorgio Armani
Giorgio Armani, an Italian fashion designer and entrepreneur, is widely recognized as one of the most influential figures in the luxury goods industry. He was born on July 11, 1934, in Piacenza, Italy.
He studied medicine at the University of Milan, but he dropped out after two years to pursue a career in fashion. He began his career as a window dresser at the department store La Rinascente. In 1961, he joined the Nino Cerruti fashion house, where he worked as a designer for 10 years.
In 1975, Armani founded his own fashion house, Giorgio Armani. His first collection, a line of men's suits, was an immediate success.
Armani's breakthrough came in 1980 when he designed the wardrobe for Richard Gere's character in the film "American Gigolo." The movie showcased Armani's sleek and refined aesthetic to a global audience, propelling him to international fame. Following this success, Armani expanded his brand by launching diffusion lines, including Emporio Armani and Armani Exchange, to cater to a wider range of consumers.
Armani is one of the most successful fashion designers in the world. His company has a turnover of over $7 billion and employs over 30,000 people. He has been awarded numerous accolades for his work, including the CFDA Award for International Designer of the Year and the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award. He was also named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2000.
Armani is a private person who rarely gives interviews. He is known for his philanthropy and his support of various causes, including AIDS research and education. He is also a patron of the arts and has donated money to support museums and theaters.
Giorgio Armani is a true icon of Italian fashion. He has created a brand that is synonymous with luxury, elegance, and sophistication. His designs are worn by celebrities and fashion icons all over the world. He is a true master of his craft and an inspiration to designers everywhere.
Girandole
A girandole is a type of candle holder or candelabra that features several branches or arms for holding candles. It is often used as a decorative piece and can range in design from simple and functional to highly ornate and elaborate. Girandoles can be made from a variety of materials, including metal, glass, ceramic and crystal, and can be found in a range of sizes, from tabletop models to large floor-standing pieces, as well as sidelights on wall mirrors and accessories in a clock set.
Girandole
An ornate candle sconce, usually with several lights and combined with an ornate mirror to reflect the light, made to be attached to the wall. Sometimes also used to refer to a mirror with sconces.
They reached their height of their popularity in England and France in the second half of the 18th century,
Girandole in Jewellery
Girandole is a term used to describe the jewellery design of earrings, brooches and lockets that features multiple hanging chains, pendants, or tassels attached to a central decorative element. Girandole themed jewellery typically has an ornate, highly decorative appearance and is often made of precious metals and embellished with gemstones, pearls, or other decorative elements.
Girard Perregaux
The origins of Girard Perregaux, a Swiss luxury watch manufacturer can be traced back to 1791 when Jean-Francois Bautte formed a company Jean-François Bautte & Cie Company. The company initially produced pocket watches and complex timepieces, and quickly gained a reputation for precision and craftsmanship.
In 1852, Constant Girard, who was a Swiss watchmaker founded Girard & Cie, married Marie Perregaux, and renamed his company became known as Girard-Perregaux and in 1896 merged with Jean-François Bautte & Cie Company. The company continued to produce high-quality pocket watches and also began to make wristwatches in the early 20th century.
In the 1940s, Girard-Perregaux produced some of the first modern-style wristwatches, which featured a larger case and more prominent lugs. The company also pioneered the development of high-frequency movements, which increased the accuracy of their watches.
In the 1960s, Girard-Perregaux introduced the Gyromatic, a self-winding movement that was more accurate and reliable than previous models. The company also produced some of the first watches with a quartz movement in the 1970s. In 1975, Girard-Perregaux launched the Laureato, one of the first companies to offer a sporty elegant model equipped with an octagonal bezel and an integrated steel bracelet.
Throughout the 20th century, Girard-Perregaux continued to innovate and produce high-quality watches, and in 1992, the company released the first wristwatch with a tourbillon movement.
Girard-Perregaux is known for its precision timepieces and luxurious designs. The company continues to innovate with new materials and technologies, and it remains one of the most respected names in the watch industry.
Giuseppe Armani
Giuseppe Armani was an Italian ceramic artist who was born in Calci, Italy, in 1935. He is best known for his figurines, which are characterized by their realistic detail and their use of Capodimonte or contemporary styles. Armani began his artistic career at a young age, and he showed a natural talent for drawing and painting. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, and after graduating, he began working as a freelance artist.
In the early 1960s, Armani began to experiment with ceramics. He was drawn to the medium's ability to capture the human form in three dimensions. He also appreciated the fact that ceramics could be used to create a wide range of objects, from figurines to tableware. Armani quickly became one of the most respected ceramic artists in Italy. His work was exhibited in major galleries and museums around the world, and he won numerous awards for his artistry.
Armani's figurines are some of his most famous works. He often depicted everyday people, such as farmers, fishermen, and children. He also created figurines of famous figures from history and literature. His figurines are characterized by their realistic detail. He used a variety of techniques to achieve this, including hand-painting, glazing, and firing. He also used a variety of materials, including clay, porcelain, and terracotta.
Giuseppe Armani died in 2006, but his work continues to be admired by people all over the world. He is considered one of the most important ceramic artists of the 20th century.
Giuseppe Bessi
Giuseppe Bessi was an Italian sculptor who was born in Volterra, Italy in 1857. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, where his professors included the sculptor Augusto Rivalta. After graduating, he returned to Volterra in 1872 and established a workshop where he specialized in statues and busts of alabaster, marble, and onyx. He also worked in bronze.
Bessi is considered one of the most important representatives of Italian salon sculpture. His works combine the forms of neoclassicism and Art Nouveau. He was also a skilled portraitist, and his busts of famous figures such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Joan of Arc, and Dante Alighieri are highly regarded.
Bessi's works are exhibited in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, the Metropolitan
Museum of Art in New York City, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and other museums and galleries around
the world,
Giuseppe Zanotti
Giuseppe Zanotti is an Italian luxury footwear and fashion designer known for his sculptural, jeweled heels, luxury sneakers, handbags, jewelry, and leather ready-to-wear. Born on April 17, 1957, in San Mauro Pascoli, Italy, Zanotti grew up in a region known for its high-end shoemaking tradition.
From a young age, Zanotti was fascinated by shoes. He would often spend hours sketching designs and studying the different elements of shoemaking. After graduating from high school, Zanotti began working for a local shoe factory, where he learned the basics of the craft. In 1985, Zanotti launched his own shoe company, Vicini S.p.A. The company established a reputation for its high-quality, stylish shoes. In 1994, Zanotti launched his eponymous label, which focused on creating daring, glamorous women's shoes using classical Italian craftsmanship.
Zanotti's shoes became popular among celebrities and fashion icons around the world. He has designed shoes for some of the biggest names in the industry, including Beyoncé, Rihanna, Jennifer Lopez, and Lady Gaga. His shoes have also been featured in countless fashion magazines and on red carpets around the world. In addition to his footwear line, Zanotti has also expanded into other areas of fashion, including handbags, jewellery, and ready-to-wear. His designs are known for their bold, feminine aesthetic and their use of high-quality materials.
Zanotti's company now distributes its products in over 75 countries around the world, and Zanotti himself is still involved in the day-to-day operations of the company and remains passionate about creating beautiful and innovative shoes.
Givenchy
The Givenchy brand was established in Paris by Hubert de
Givenchy in 1952, at the age of 25. Born in Beauvais, France, Givenchy showed a
passion for fashion from an early age. After studying at the École des
Beaux-Arts in Paris, he gained valuable experience working as an apprentice for
several other fashion designers, including Jacques Fath, Robert Piguet, Lucien
Lelong. and Elsa Schiaparelli.
Givenchy's early designs were
known for their simplicity and elegance. He was one of the first designers to
create " separates," or individual pieces of clothing that could be
mixed and matched. One of Givenchy's most iconic moments came in 1953 when
Audrey Hepburn, a close friend and muse of the designer, wore his designs in
the classic film "Sabrina." This marked the beginning of a lifelong
collaboration between Givenchy and Hepburn, with the designer creating memorable
costumes for her in films such as "Funny Face" and "Breakfast at
Tiffany's." The black dress worn by Hepburn's character in the latter
film, known as the "little black dress," became an enduring symbol of
timeless elegance and solidified Givenchy's status as a fashion visionary.
Throughout the years, Givenchy expanded its product
offerings beyond clothing to include accessories, fragrances, cosmetics, and
luxury goods. The brand consistently maintained its reputation for excellence
and craftsmanship, attracting a global clientele seeking refined and luxurious
products.
In 1988, Givenchy was acquired by LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis
Vuitton. Hubert de Givenchy remained as creative director until his retirement
in 1995. He was succeeded by a number of other designers, including Alexander
McQueen, John Galliano, and Julien Macdonald.
In 2017, Clare Waight Keller became the first female
artistic director of Givenchy. Under her leadership, the brand continued to
evolve, blending timeless elegance with a modern sensibility.
Givenchy remains a prominent player in the luxury goods
industry, known for its exquisite craftsmanship, attention to detail, and
commitment to timeless elegance.
Glasgow School
The Glasgow School of Art (GSA) was founded in Scotland in 1845 and was one of the leading institutions of its kind in the United Kingdom during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Operating circa 1890, the GSA was known for its innovative approach to design education and its focus on the Arts and Crafts movement. The school was particularly influential in the development of the distinctive Scottish style of architecture and design that came to be known as "Glasgow Style."
During this time, the school's faculty included some of the most talented artists and designers of the day, including Charles Rennie Mackintosh and his wife Margaret MacDonald Mackintosh, James Herbert McNair, Francis Newbery and J. Francis Carruthers Walker. Its students were exposed to a wide range of design disciplines, including architecture, ceramics, textiles, metalwork, and glass design. The GSA's close connection to the vibrant cultural and artistic community in Glasgow made it an ideal environment for students to develop their skills and explore new ideas in design.
In addition to its academic programs, the GSA was also active in promoting the Arts and Crafts movement and its ideas through exhibitions, lectures, and other events. Through its influential work, the Glasgow School of Art helped to shape the course of modern design and established Scotland as a centre of creative innovation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Glastonbury Chair
The Glastonbury chair is an Arts and Crafts style chair that was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh and was produced by the Glastonbury Chair Company in England. The chair is characterized by its simple, clean lines and functional design, with a sloping back and gently curving arms. The back and arms are often made of woven cane or splint, and the frame is typically constructed from sturdy hardwoods such as oak or elm.
Mackintosh designed the Glastonbury chair in the late 19th century as part of his efforts to promote the Arts and Crafts movement, which sought to revive traditional craftsmanship and reject the mass-produced goods of the industrial revolution. The Glastonbury chair became one of Mackintosh's most iconic designs and is still popular today among those who appreciate the Arts and Crafts style.
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Glastonbury Chair
A Glastonbury chair is a term applied to a type of English folding chair where, from a side view, the legs form an "X". They were supposedly named after a design of a similar chair by the Abbot of Glastonbury in the16th century.
Contrast this with a Savonarola or "X" chair, traditionally made in Spain and Italy, where the 'X" of the legs is visible from the front or rear of the chair.
Glazing Bars
Thin astragal mouldings, almost always of timber, behind which glass panes in bookcases, china cabinets, kitchen dressers, and so on are fixed. The glass is either puttied in or held by thin beads. Old hand-made glass should show imperfections, such as bubbles and ridges when looked at obliquely against the light, something which is not found in modem factory-made glass. The joints of the glazing bars should always be neatly mitred.
A cheap shortcut is to apply false glazing bars over a single pane of glass, and this indicates either an item of modern manufacture, or a later conversion, where the panelled door of a press or wardrobe has had a glass front fitted, and the article turned into a 'bookcase'.
Globe Wernicke
Stacking bookcases, also known as "barrister bookcases", were introduced in the early 20th century.
They consisted of a series of glass fronted and almost dust proof cabinets each of which held one row of books, together with a cornice which was fitted to the top cabinet, and plinth which fitted underneath the bottom cabinet and finished off the bookcase.
The number of cabinets could be varied depending on the customer's requirements, but most comprised between 3 and 6 cabinets.
About 1900 there were over 20 companies producing stacking bookcases, but the largest and best known manufacturer was the Globe Wernicke Company, a United States company with factories in the US, Canada, Britain, France and Germany. Their book cabinets were produced to a standard length, with variable depths.
A Globe Wernicke bookcase always carries the manufacturer's name, either on a paper label, an ivory coloured tag, a metal plate or a stamp on each sectional piece.
The fashion for stackable bookcases only lasted about 30 years, and by the 1930s production and sales were in decline.
Gold Tooled
Gold tooling on leather inlays in desks and other furniture and leather book bindings refers to the decorative process of embossing the leather with a design using gold leaf. The design is first traced onto the leather and then incised into the surface using a small blade. The incisions are then gilded with thin sheets of gold leaf. The gold leaf is burnished into the leather to create a raised, metallic design. The process is repeated until the entire design is covered in gold.
Golden Fleece
Golden Fleece was the brand of petroleum and related products marketed and distributed by the Australian Company H.C. Sleigh which was established by Harold Crofton Sleigh as a shipping and import/export business in Melbourne in 1895. H.C. Sleigh took over the first consignment of Californian motor spirit imported to Australia arrived in 1913 and marketed it as Golden Fleece.
By the 1930s the company had established 20 service stations in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide to sell its own products. The stations provided full drive-in facilities. Harold Crofton Sleigh died in 1933 and was succeeded by Hamilton Sleigh, who had been taken into the partnership in 1924. Following the outbreak of World War II motor spirit rationing was introduced in Australia in 1940 as an emergency routine measure, but was not removed until 1950, by the then newly formed Menzies government.
In the early 1950s the merino ram (modelled by “David of Dalkeith”) became the company’s trade mark and was a familiar and comforting symbol to the motorist and around the same time added the Golden Fleece restaurant facility to its service stations. At its height, H.C. Sleigh Limited operated the largest restaurant chain in the country.
The end of the Golden Fleece brand occurred in 1981 when H.C. Sleigh’s Petroleum division was sold to Caltex.
Goldscheider Porcelain
The Goldscheider Porcelain Manufactory was founded in Austria in the late 19th century by Friedrich Goldscheider. The company was known for producing high-quality, decorative porcelain figurines, vases, and other objects.
In the early 20th century, the Goldscheider factory became one of the leading porcelain manufacturers in Europe, producing works by some of the most renowned artists of the time. The company's pieces were often sold through prestigious retailers and museums, and they became highly sought after by collectors. They specialised in figurative subjects and Art Nouveau figures and maidens, and in th e1920s in Art Deco figures.
During World War II, the Goldscheider factory was seized by the Nazi regime and the company's assets were confiscated. After the war, the company was reestablished and it continued to produce high-quality porcelain pieces, but it struggled to regain its previous level of success.
In the late 20th century, the company was sold to new owners who moved the production to a different location in Austria. The business closed in 1954.
Goldsmiths' Alliance
The Goldsmiths' Alliance was a trade association for goldsmiths and silversmiths in London, England. It was founded in the late 19th century and was active until the 1960s. The organisation represented the interests of goldsmiths and silversmiths in London and provided a range of services to its members, including legal assistance, business advice, and financial support. It also promoted the work of its members and helped to ensure that high standards of craftsmanship and ethics were maintained within the industry. The Goldsmiths' Alliance was affiliated with the Goldsmiths' Company, which is one of the oldest and most prestigious goldsmithing organizations in the world.
Golf Memorabilia
The collection of golf memorabilia dates back to the beginning of the sport in Scotland in the 15th century. Early collectors of golf memorabilia primarily focused on acquiring golf clubs and balls. As the sport grew in popularity, so too did the variety of golf-related items that were produced and collected. This included golf bags, tees, scorecards, photographs, autographs programs art works and golfing clothing and accessories.
In the 20th century, golf became more commercialised and the production of golf-related memorabilia increased. This led to the growth of golf memorabilia collections, with collectors seeking items such as autographed golf balls and clubs, vintage golf magazines, and signed golf photographs.
One of the most significant events in the history of golf memorabilia collecting was the birth of golf collecting clubs which brought together golf enthusiasts who shared a passion for collecting golf memorabilia and provided them with a platform to trade and sell their collections.
Golliwogs
The golliwog was a character illustrated by British/American author and artist Florence Upton (1873-1922) in a children's book published in 1895. As drawn by Upton, he is a friendly character derived from the tradition of the blackface minstrel with black face, bright red lips and woolly hair and he wore a red bow tie on a white collar, a blue jacket and black trousers.
Her books were extremely popular in England and this carried through to Europe and the United States.
Upton did not trademark the character and others adopted it, including toy and doll manufacturers, jam manufacturers James Robertson & Sons, and Enid Blyton in some of her books, where he is portrayed as an evil character.
In 1928 James Robertson & Sons introduced paper labels on their jams and marmalades which could be exchanged for enamel badges featuring a golliwog, and this became one of the longest running collecting schemes in the United Kingdom. The promotion continued until 2002 and in the approximately 80 years it was in operation, it is estimated that 20 million badges were distributed.
The word golliwog was adopted in popular usage as a slang descriptor for a black person, but by the early 1980s this was considered inappropriate so the use of the golliwog both as an marketing tool and as a doll, and its prominence has declined since that time.
Despite this, the character remained popular in some parts
of the world, particularly in the United Kingdom, where the Golliwog doll
continued to be sold well into the 21st century.
Goncalo Alves / Tigerwood
Goncalo Alves also known as tigerwood is a rare hard, dense and fancy tropical wood with colors that range from red to yellow and orange and with deep black stripes. It is sometimes compared to rosewood.
Googly Eyes
Googly eyes are wiggly, or moving eyes sometimes affixed to dolls and other soft toys. They are made of plastic or paper and give the doll a whimsical, animated appearance that can add to its overall charm and appeal. The eyes move or jiggle when the doll is shaken or touched, which can be entertaining for both children and adults.
Gordon Andrews
Gordon Andrews (1914-2001) was an Australian furniture designer who was active in the mid-20th century. He is known for his minimalist and functional designs, which were influenced by the Scandinavian modernist style. He began his career as a graphic designer, but he became interested in furniture design in the 1940s. He was inspired by the work of Alvar Aalto and other Scandinavian designers, and he began to incorporate their ideas into his own work.
Andrews' furniture designs were characterized by their clean lines, simplicity, and functionality. He used natural materials such as wood, leather, and canvas, and he often employed innovative construction techniques to create his pieces. One of his most famous designs is the Fler Narvik armchair, which he created in 1957. The chair has a sculptural, organic form that is typical of Andrews' work, and it is considered a classic example of Australian mid-century design.
He continued to work as a furniture designer throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and he was a significant figure in the development of Australian modernist design.
Gorham Manufacturing Company
Gorham Manufacturing Company was founded in 1831 in Providence, Rhode Island, by Jabez Gorham. Gorham started as a small silversmith workshop and quickly established a reputation for producing high-quality silver products. Over the years, the company grew and expanded its product line, incorporating new techniques and materials, such as electroplating, into its production process.
One of the most significant events in the company's history was the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, where Gorham exhibited its silverware and received international recognition for its quality and craftsmanship. This event helped to establish Gorham as a leading manufacturer of silver products, and the company continued to grow throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Gorham became known for its Art Nouveau designs, which were popular among customers during this period. In the mid-20th century, the company introduced new product lines, such as stainless steel flatware, and expanded its reach by opening new factories and showrooms in other countries.
Gorham remained a family-owned company until 1966, when it was acquired by Textron, Inc. then to Danksk International in 1989 and Brown-Forman in 1991. Gorham continues to operate as a leading manufacturer of silverware and other metal products and is recognised as one of the oldest and most well-respected silverware companies in the United States.
Goss
William Henry Goss (1833-1906) through his pottery company W. H. Goss of Stoke-on-Trent made a substantial contribution to souvenir and commemorative ware. The company made articles of very thin moulded porcelain, which was particularly translucent.
They made ornaments rather than functional items, and in the earlier years of the business, from about 1860 to about 1890, they produced fine, beautifully coloured ware, including vases, jewellery, and dressing-table articles.
Then, not long after Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee of 1887, they branched out into much cheaper souvenir ware, much of it in the form of statuary. These articles were shaped like Cleopatra's Needle, Marble Arch, Nelson's Column, or more mundane things, such as wheelbarrows, cottages, and animals, and decorated with the heraldic crests (termed "crested china") of various towns or resorts.
They were produced in huge numbers, and thus do not command high prices in the marketplace.
The company was taken over by Cauldon Potteries Ltd. in 1929 and then by Doulton in the 1980s
Gothic Style, Furniture
Gothic style furniture refers to pieces that are designed and crafted in the Gothic architectural and decorative style that was popular in Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries. This style of furniture is characterised by its elaborate and ornate details, as well as its use of dark and heavy woods, such as oak and walnut.
Gothic style furniture often features intricate carvings and embellishments, including pointed arches, quatrefoils, and tracery. The style also frequently incorporates elements such as coats of arms, shields, and religious symbols. Gothic furniture often has a heavy and substantial appearance, and the pieces are often finished with a dark stain to accentuate the detailed carving and embellishments.
The furniture items can be quite large and imposing, and they are often used as statement pieces in large rooms. Gothic furniture can be a striking and dramatic addition to any space, and it is often appreciated by those who have an interest in medieval and historical design.
Gothic Style, General
The Gothic style was the dominant style of ecclesiastical architecture from the middle and late medieval period, that is from the 12th to the 16th century. In buildings The Gothic style is characterized by its use of pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses as well as ornate decorative features such as intricate carvings and stained glass windows.
The furniture of the period closely followed the architecture. The Gothic style in furniture has been revived several times: in the 18th century when designers such as Chippendale incorporated Gothic themes into their designs and in the 19th century by the architect, designer and artist A. W. Pugin, whose career was at its peak when he designed the Palace of Westminster, the present British Houses of Parliament in the Gothic Revival style.
The Gothic style was a major influence on the arts and architecture of Europe, and it had a lasting impact on the development of Western art and architecture. Today, the term "Gothic" is sometimes used to describe a subculture that is characterized by a fascination with the dark and macabre, as well as a love of medieval and Victorian-era styles. However, this usage is distinct from the original historical meaning of the term.
Gouda Pottery
Gouda pottery does not reference a single factory, but is a style of Dutch pottery made by a number of different manufacturers and was named after the city of Gouda, where it was historically manufactured. The potteries were founded in the late 19th century, when a number of local ceramic artists and artisans came together to establish a centre for ceramic production in the town of Gouda. The potteries quickly became known for their high-quality workmanship and the use of bright colours and bold, stylized designs.
During the early 20th century, the Gouda potteries gained widespread popularity and recognition, and the products produced by these potteries were highly sought after by both the Dutch and international markets. Some of the most famous Gouda potteries from this period include Plateelbakkerij Zuid-Holland, Petrus Regout & Co, and the De Distel factory.
Despite the popularity of their products, the Gouda potteries faced a number of challenges during the mid-20th century, including increased competition from mass-produced ceramics and declining demand for handcrafted goods. Many of the potteries eventually went out of business, and the tradition of Gouda pottery production declined.
Gout Stool
A gout stool is a type of stool or footstool that was specifically designed to provide relief for individuals suffering from gout, a painful condition that affects the joints. The purpose of a gout stool is to raise the affected foot from the ground, thus reducing pressure on the joint and providing relief from pain and discomfort.
The stools were popular in England in the 18th and 19th century and often had an adjustable raised platform or footrest, and a sloping surface that allowed the foot to be supported at a comfortable angle. Some gout stools also had armrests or other features that helped to provide additional support and comfort for the user.
In addition to providing relief from gout symptoms, gout stools were useful to individuals who suffer from other conditions that affect the joints, such as arthritis or rheumatism.
Gout Stool
A stool usually with an adjustable sloping top and a right angled "back", for resting a foot or feet afflicted with gout, the symptons of which is a red, tender, hot, swollen joint. They were popular in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Graduated Drawers
A bank of drawers, where the top drawer has the least depth, and the depth of the each drawer is greater than the drawer above.
Graeme Storm
Graeme Storm was born in Auckland in 1936. He studied in Auckland and Dunedin Teachers' Colleges and began making pottery and building kilns at his parents' Orakei home in 1956. Worked as an Arts and Crafts adviser for the Education Department and in 1959 travelled to the UK and Europe, attending the Central School of Arts & Crafts in London. While in London he worked with Kenneth Clarke and Gwyn Hanssen. He also met Lucie Rie, Hans Coper, Bernard Leach and Harry and May Davis.
During a visit to his father’s homeland, Finland, he went to the Arabia factory in Helsinki where he experienced the blue, green and purple high fired glazes achieved from copper carbonate.
He returned to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1961 and resumed work as an arts & crafts advisor, all the while making pots and becoming a full-time potter in 1964.
In 1965 he received a grant from the New Zealand Arts Council and in 1967 conducted a lecture tour across Canada for the Canadian Guild of Potters. He established a pottery department at Auckland Teachers' College in 1971 and was commissioned in that year to make a ceramic mural for the satellite Earth Station at Warkworth. His work was included in the International Exhibition of Ceramic Arts at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London in 1972. In 1994 Graeme Storm was awarded a Japan Foundation Travel Award.
He has exhibited widely in group shows in Japan, Australia, China, England, Canada and is represented in the International Museum of Ceramics in Faenza, Italy; in museums and galleries throughout New Zealand; and in the collections of H.M. Queen Elizabeth II, Emperor Akihito of Japan and the late Shah of Iran.
He retired 2016.
Graf
Graff is a British luxury jeweller founded in 1960 by Laurence Graff. The company is headquartered in London and has stores in major cities around the world.
Laurence Graff began his career as a diamond cutter in Hatton Garden, London's diamond district. He quickly established a reputation for his expertise and craftsmanship, and in 1960 he opened his own jewellery store.
Graff quickly became known for his exquisite diamonds and his innovative designs. He is credited with popularizing the pavé setting, in which diamonds are set close together to create a seamless surface. He also developed the "Graff Cut," a unique diamond cut that enhances the brilliance of the stone.
Graff has become one of the most successful jewellers in the world. His clients include celebrities, royalty, and heads of state. The company has also been involved in some of the most famous jewelry auctions in history.
In 2012, Graff was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in International Trade. He is also a recipient of the Legion d'Honneur from the French government.
Graff is a family-owned business, and Laurence Graff's son, François-Henry Graff, is now the CEO. The company continues to innovate and create some of the most beautiful and sought-after jewellery in the world.
Graining
Decorative painting applied to furniture to imitate the natural pattern of fibres in timber. In the Victorian period it was used to simulate more expensive timber finishes such as rosewood and walnut.
Gramophone
In the evolution of mechanical music, the gramophone followed the phonograph and the graphophone, each of which was invented in the United States. For the gramophone, the music was recorded on a flat disk, unlike the phonograph and graphophone. However in modern usage, the words "gramophone" and "phonograph" are both sometimes used to describe a gramophone or a gramophone record.
The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, and its major disadvantage was that, as well as the reproduction being poor, each cylinder lasted for only one play.
The graphophone was an improved version of the phonograph and went into commercial production in about 1885. Invented at the Volta Laboratory established by Alexander Graham Bell, it used wax cylinders which lasted for multiple plays. However each cylinder had to be recorded separately, preventing mass reproduction, and also resulting in differences in sound between each.
In 1887, Emile Berliner, a German born American inventor working in Washington patented a successful system of sound recording on a disk, where the sound information was etched into the surface. The disk or record was rotated on a turntable and a needle in the arm of the gramophone read the information in the grooves and transferred the sound to the speaker. The first records were made of glass, later zinc, and then plastic.
Berliner sold the licensing rights to his patent for the gramophone and method of making records to the Victor Talking Machine Company, founded by the engineer who assisted Berliner to develop the turntable and mechanism.
The use of the trademark of the dog listening the gramophone ("His Master's Voice") helped make it a successful product in the United States, and although the company was not called by that name, their records were marketed under the His Master's Voice" label.
Berliner founded the Berliner Gram-o-phone Company in Montreal, Canada, the Deutsche Grammophon in Germany, and the U.K based Gramophone Co., Ltd.
Grand Tour
The Grand Tour of Europe was a cultural tradition that was popular among wealthy young men in the 19th century. The Grand Tour was a rite of passage for many young men of the British and European aristocracy and upper classes, who would travel to various parts of Europe to broaden their education, refine their cultural tastes, and experience new cultures and customs.
The Grand Tour typically involved visiting a number of European cities, including Paris, Venice, Florence, Rome, and Athens, and it often lasted for several months or even years. During this time, the travelers would visit museums, galleries, and other cultural institutions, and they would also participate in local customs and traditions, such as attending concerts and operas.
The Grand Tour was considered an essential part of a young man's education, as it provided exposure to a wide range of cultural, artistic, and historical influences that were not available in their home country. It was also seen as a way to refine one's tastes and to develop a more sophisticated appreciation of the arts and culture.
It was common for travellers who went on the tour bring back a variety of souvenirs to commemorate their experiences. Paintings, sculptures, and other works of art that were encountered by the travellers on their travels were common souvenirs. These artworks were often purchased from local artists and artisans, and they were considered to be an important part of a traveller's cultural education.
As well, the Grand Tour was an opportunity to study the art, architecture, and history of ancient civilizations, and many travellers purchased antiquities and other artifacts during their travels. These artifacts were often displayed in the traveller's home as a testament to their cultural knowledge and appreciation of the past.
In addition to cultural pursuits, the Grand Tour was also an opportunity for young men to expand their social networks, to establish new business relationships, and to form lasting personal connections with people from other parts of Europe.
Overall, the Grand Tour of Europe was an important cultural tradition that helped to shape the tastes and attitudes of British and European society in the 19th century, and it remains an important part of the cultural heritage of this region today.
Grande Sonnerie
A grande sonnerie is a striking system in a clock which strikes each quarter hour, striking one, two three or four times, followed by striking the hour on a different toned bell. The preceding hour may also be struck as each quarter hour.
Grandfather / Longcase Clock
More correctly known as longcase clocks, these are clocks with a hooded pendulum, housed in a tall enclosed case, about seven feet high.
Introduced during the latter part of the 17th century, the longcase clock has remained popular to the present day.
As a general rule, the designs of the clock cases followed the stylistic developments of the past three centuries. Late 17th and early 18th century clocks inspired the cabinetmaker to extraordinary heights in the art of marquetry inlay, very often in the complex and intricate 'seaweed' patterns.
Other clocks were lacquered and decorated with gilded chinoiseries. Chippendale's designs followed the prevailing flowing lines of the Rococo, with quantities of scroll work, frets, pagodas, urns and rams' heads. Those of the Neoclassical period showed a return to simpler, straighter lines, often enhanced with panels of well-figured inlay, lines of stringing, swan-neck pediments and brass finials.
The finest clocks were often veneered in walnut or mahogany, but many country clocks made from honest oak have survived.
Until the late 18th century, most clocks had brass or silvered dials highly chased or embossed in the spandrels (that is, the corners of the clock face). During the last quarter of the century, however, the painted enamel face was introduced, and by the 1820s had gained predominance among clockmakers.
Longcase clocks built in the 18th century manner usually have fairly long cases between the hood containing the dial and mechanism and the base plinth. During the 19th century, the plinths tended to become larger and the vertical pendulum case much shorter, thus altering the proportions. Longcase clocks made during the 1830s and 1840s often look quite stubby, even though the overall height remained much the same.
Australian longcase clocks dating from the colonial period are very scarce and very expensive. The best known of the early colonial clockmakers was James Oatley, but even of his work little more than a dozen clocks are known to have survived.
If purchasing, it is important to verify that the hood, works, and dial are original to the remainder of the case. A careful check is required for the fit of all components, old screw holes, and timber additions or repairs.
'Grandfather clock' did not come into general use until the popularity of the song 'My Grandfather's Clock', written in 1878. A grandmother clock is a smaller version of a grandfather or longcase clock, usually late Victorian or 20th century.
Grant Featherston
Grant Featherston was Australia's leading 'post modernist' furniture designer. He was born in 1922 in Geelong, and gained prominence in 1947 when he produced his relaxation chairs. They were made from plywood and webbing, although some were upholstered with sponge rubber and fabric.
Featherston's philosophy that a chair should follow the body's contours was confirmed in the design of his contour chairs, which were produced for five years from 1951, Plywood was used for the chair's frame, which was upholstered. Examples are shown.
Mild steel and cane were used for the cane-metal chair, designed in 1954. This was followed by the easy chairs of 1955 that were constructed from plywood, iron, rubber webbing, and were upholstered. The townhouse suite followed in 1956.
From 1957 to 1970 Grant Featherston was consultant to metal furniture manufacturer, Aristoc Industries. Chairs were designed and mass-produced, and may still be seen across Australia. Some designs are still being made today. The Delma stacking chair, in particular, was copied by other manufacturers.
The Scape armchair, made in 1960, was highly sculptured and manufactured from a small number of separate parts. These parts were made from plywood and steel. The back and the seat were covered in foam and fabric.
Grant Featherston's name sprang into media prominence in 1967 when his 'talking chair' was displayed at the Australian pavilion at Expo '67 at Montreal. This was followed by the Stem chair in 1969, made mostly from high density polyethylene. Grant worked with his wife Mary to produce some of Australia's most beautifully designed chairs.
From: Carter's "Collecting Australiana", William & Dorothy Hall, published by John Furphy Pty. Ltd. 2005
Granulation
Granulation is a jewellery-making technique that involves the application of small grains or balls of metal (typically gold or silver) onto a surface to create intricate and decorative designs. In the process of granulation, the metal granules are carefully melted and then dropped or placed onto the surface using a fine-tipped tool. Once they have been positioned, they are then soldered in place using a torch or other heat source. The result is a piece of jewellery that features intricate patterns and designs created entirely out of small, shining metal granules.
The technique dates back thousands of years and has been used by artisans across various cultures to create beautiful and unique pieces of jewellery. Granulation is a time-consuming and skilled process that requires patience, precision, and a steady hand. It is considered a lost art in some parts of the world and is highly prized by jewellery collectors and artisans.
Grapevine Motif
The grapevine motif is a decorative design that features grapevines, leaves, and grapes and is commonly used in various forms of art and decoration, including jewellery, textiles, pottery, and architecture.
In jewellery, the grapevine motif is often used to create decorative elements such as pins, brooches, necklaces, and bracelets. The design can be executed in a variety of materials, including precious metals such as gold and silver, and can be embellished with gems or enamel.
The grapevine motif is a popular symbol in many cultures, representing abundance, prosperity, and fertility. In ancient times, grapevines were associated with Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and celebration, and were used to decorate wine vessels, temples, and other sacred objects.
In addition to its cultural significance, the grapevine motif is also appreciated for its aesthetic appeal. The intertwining branches and clusters of grapes create a graceful, flowing design that is both beautiful and versatile. Whether used in jewellery, textiles, or other forms of decorative arts, the grapevine motif continues to be a popular and enduring symbol of abundance and prosperity.
Gravity Escapement
An escapement is a mechanical component that controls the movement of the clock's wheels and provides a regular ticking sound as the clock runs. In a gravity escapement, the pendulum's swinging motion is used to drive the escapement mechanism, which is responsible for the regular, ticking sound heard in a pendulum clock. The escapement mechanism consists of two pallets, or locking arms, which alternately lock and release the escape wheel, a toothed wheel that rotates in small increments with each tick of the clock.
As the pendulum swings, the escape wheel is rotated by the movement of the gear train, and the pallets lock and release it in a controlled manner. This creates the ticking sound and allows the escape wheel to turn at a consistent rate, which is necessary for accurate timekeeping. The pallets also regulate the pendulum's swing, ensuring that it remains consistent and prevents the clock from running too fast or too slow.
Gravity escapements are considered to be one of the most accurate forms of timekeeping.
Great Exhibition of 1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition
The Great Exhibition of 1851, also known as the Crystal Palace Exhibition, was an international exposition held in London, England, from May 1 to October 15, 1851. The exhibition was organized by Henry Cole and Prince Albert, and was held in a giant glass and iron structure known as the Crystal Palace, which was built especially for the event.
The Great Exhibition was the first of its kind and aimed to showcase the technological and industrial advancements of the time, as well as to promote international trade and cooperation. The exhibition was a huge success, attracting over six million visitors and showcasing the products and innovations of countries from around the world, including the United States, France, Germany, and Russia.
One of the highlights of the exhibition was the display of the latest in industrial technology, including machines for manufacturing, textiles, and steam engines. There were also displays of fine arts, including paintings and sculptures, as well as demonstrations of new inventions such as telegraphs, photography, and electric lighting.
The Great Exhibition of 1851 was a turning point in the history of international expositions and helped to establish London as a major centre for trade and commerce. The success of the exhibition led to the creation of other world's fairs and exhibitions, and it is considered one of the defining events of the 19th century.
View further examples of Great Exhibition of 1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition
Greek Key
Moulding, found around cornices and sometimes tables, in the familiar Greek key pattern. The pattern was commonly used as brass inlay in furniture of the classical revival period
Greek Key Pattern
The Greek key pattern is a decorative design that consists of continuous interlocking vertical and right-angled lines that form a repeating motif. It is also known as "Meander" or "Greek fret." The pattern is thought to have originated in ancient Greece, where it was used in various decorative arts, such as pottery, metalwork, and architectural elements. The Greek key design is widely used in a variety of contexts, including classical architecture, decorative arts, furniture, interior design and textiles. The pattern is considered timeless and classic, and its geometric simplicity makes it a popular choice for designers in many different fields.
Greg Daly
Greg Daly (1954- ) is an Australian ceramic artist known for his unique approach to glazing and his contributions to the field of ceramics. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria, and grew up in a family of artists. Daly started studying pottery in high school and also worked part-time in a ceramics supply shop. In 1975-1976, he completed a Diploma of Art and a Fellowship Diploma at RMIT and set up his Marra Pottery studio in North Mount Albert, Victoria. He later moved to Richmond, Victoria, and then to Raintree Marra, Cowra, NSW.
Daly was fascinated by the way that different glazes interacted with each other and with the clay and began experimenting with new glazing techniques in the early 1970s. In the 1980s, he became known for his use of crystalline glazes, which produce a highly textured surface that resembles ice crystals or frost. He refined his technique over the years, developing new ways to control the crystals and create unique patterns and colors.
In addition to his studio work, Daly has taught ceramics at universities and art schools and has also written several books on ceramics, including "Glazes and Glazing Techniques" and "Digital Ceramics." Daly has received numerous awards and accolades for his work, including the Australia Council Fellowship and the Gold Coast International Ceramic Art Award. His work is held in collections in the National Gallery of Australia, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
Gretsch
Gretsch is one of the oldest and most respected musical instrument manufacturers in the United States. The company was founded in 1883 by Friedrich Gretsch, a German immigrant who opened a shop in Brooklyn, New York, to make banjos, drums, and tambourines.
In the early 1900s, Gretsch began to produce guitars, and by the 1920s, it had become one of the largest musical instrument manufacturers in the world. Gretsch guitars were known for their high quality and innovative designs. In 1939, Gretsch introduced the Electromatic, one of the first commercially successful electric guitars.
Gretsch guitars were popular with many famous musicians, including Chet Atkins, Eddie Cochran, George Harrison, and Brian Setzer. In the 1950s and 1960s, Gretsch guitars were particularly popular with rockabilly and country musicians.
In the late 1960s, Gretsch was sold to Baldwin Piano Company. Baldwin made some changes to Gretsch guitars that were not well-received by musicians, and sales declined. In 1984, Gretsch stopped producing guitars altogether.
In 1989, a group of investors bought Gretsch and revived the company. Gretsch began producing guitars again in 1993, and the company has since become one of the most popular guitar brands in the world.
Gretsch guitars are known for their unique sound and distinctive appearance. Gretsch guitars are often equipped with Filter'Tron pickups, which produce a warm, mellow sound that is different from the sound of other guitar pickups. Gretsch guitars also have a distinctive "bigsby" vibrato tailpiece, which allows for a wide range of vibrato effects.
Today, Gretsch produces a wide range of guitars, including electric guitars, acoustic guitars, and resonator guitars. Gretsch guitars are popular with musicians of all genres, including rock, country, blues, and jazz.
Griffin / Griffon / Gryphon
A griffin, also known as a griffon or gryphon, is a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of an eagle. It is typically depicted as a powerful and majestic beast, with the body and legs of a lion and the head, wings, and talons of an eagle. The griffin is widely recognized as a symbol of strength, courage, and guardianship, and has been used in a variety of cultures throughout history.
In ancient mythology, the griffin was often associated with the gods and was considered a symbol of divine power. In ancient Greece, for example, the griffin was associated with the sun god Helios, while in ancient Egypt, it was associated with the goddess Hathor. In medieval European heraldry, the griffin was used as a symbol of strength, valour, and protection, and was often featured on the coats of arms of noble families.
Grilles
Lattice work, generally in brass, popular in door fronts during the Regency period, especially on such salon pieces as chiffoniers, small bookcases and so on. Very often, the grille was backed with silk to produce an elegant effect. Early grilles were notched at each crossover and the joint may be hidden by an embossed stud. Grilles are uncommon on Australian furniture of the period, doors being either glazed or panelled.
Grimwades Ltd
Grimwades was a pottery manufacturer based in Stoke-on-Trent, England, that operated from 1900 to 1964. The company was founded by Leonard Lumsden Grimwade, who had previously worked for the famous pottery firm Wedgwood.
Grimwades initially produced a wide range of pottery, including dinnerware, vases, and decorative items, but they soon became known for their high-quality earthenware teapots. These teapots were popular in England and were exported around the world, particularly to the United States.
In the early 20th century, Grimwades began to produce a line of pottery called "Royal Winton," which was produced from the early 20th century until the 1960s. The pottery is known for its brightly colored and whimsical designs, which were inspired by the Art Deco movement of the time.
Royal Winton pieces were typically made of earthenware and were often decorated with intricate patterns, florals, or scenes from nature. Some of the most popular designs included "Marguerite," "Summertime," and "Sweet Pea."
Under the Royal Winton brand, the company also produced a line of "Chintz" ware, which was highly sought after by collectors.
One of the most distinctive features of Royal Winton pottery is its use of lustreware. Lustreware is a type of pottery that has a metallic sheen, typically created by applying a thin layer of metal oxide to the surface of the piece. Royal Winton used lusterware extensively in their designs, giving their pieces a distinctive shimmer.
During World War II, Grimwades produced pottery for the war effort, including gas mask containers and mess tins. After the war, the company continued to produce pottery, but competition from other manufacturers and changing consumer tastes led to its decline.
In 1964 Grimwades Ltd was acquired by the Howard Pottery Group and the business traded as Royal Winton.
Grisaille
The technique of grisaille has been used in decorative arts for centuries. It was commonly used in the Renaissance and Baroque periods in Europe to create the illusion of sculptural relief on flat surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and furniture. This technique allowed artists to create the illusion of depth and dimensionality without the use of colour.
During the Rococo period, grisaille was often used in the production of ceramics and porcelain to create finely detailed designs on a white or light-colored surface.
In the 19th century, grisaille continued to be used in decorative arts, particularly in the production of ceramics, both Western and Oriental.
Gros Bleu
In porcelain decoration, "gros bleu" refers to a type of cobalt blue pigment that was used to create vivid blue designs on porcelain. This pigment was highly prized for its intense colour and durability, and it was often used in the decoration of high-end porcelain pieces. The use of "gros bleu" was popular in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, and it was valued for its ability to create deep, rich blue hues that could be used to complement other colors in intricate designs.
Grosvenor Brand Cutlery
George Rodd established his workshop in 1919 in Melbourne where his brother Ernest joined him as a working partner in 1922. Both were skilled silversmiths and the company initially focused on crafting silver jewellery and silverware. During the 1920s to the 1960s, G. & E. Rodd were recognised as leading jewellery and silverware manufacturers in Melbourne. However, theysoon diversified into other areas like enamelling and metalwork.
The company gained recognition for their delicate jewellery designs and their use of premium materials. Their silverware items also garnered acclaim for their craftsmanship and stylish appeal. They were particularly known for the production of cutlery settings, with their most popular brand being Grosvenor which included the Gainsborough, Balmoral and Everlasting Rose patterns. The company's creations found popularity among both Australian and international customers, frequently gracing the pages of magazines and newspapers, as well as being showcased in art shows and exhibitions.
Notable jewellery pieces created from G. & E. Rodd's workshop, include the "Rodd Bird" brooch. Crafted from silver and enamel, this brooch featured a stylized bird design and became a beloved creation since its inception in the 1930s. The "Rodd Wave" bracelet, also made from silver and enamel, boasted an elegant wave motif and captured attention starting from the 1940s, becoming a favored choice for both everyday wear and special occasions. Additionally, the "Rodd Thistle" necklace, crafted from silver and enamel, showcased a thistle design and gained popularity among Australian and international clientele after its introduction in the 1950s.
However, as consumer preferences shifted and economic factors came into play, G. & E. Rodd experienced a decline in production during the late 1940s. In May 1949, Rodd (Australia) merged with Platers Pty Ltd., manufacturers of silver plated wares and in 1960 merged with Mytton Ltd, forming Mytton Rodd (Australia) Ltd. Production ceased in 1991.
Grotesque
Grotesque decoration is any fanciful ornament applied to furniture and decorative arts, and includes distorted faces, mythical animals such as satyrs and sphinxes and less frequently fantastical fruit and flower forms.
The Martin Brothers who set up their pottery at the end of the nineteenth century in Southall, Middlesex derived their fame from their hand made models of grotesque stoneware birds.
Grotto Furniture
A grotto is a small picturesque cave on the sea shore often with the threat of flood at high tide. But from the early 1500s wealthy Europeans constructed grottos in their gardens as a cool place to retreat to from the summer sun. Garden grottos continued to be popular in the 18th and 19th centuries. To furnish the grottos, fantasy furniture, called grotto furniture, was created. Shells, coral, dolphins and seahorses were often sculpted into chairs, settees and tables for use in the grotto.
Gryphon
A gryphon is a mythical beast with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion.
This fictional character was devised by Lewis Carroll in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", written in 1865.
Guard Chain
In the 19th century and early 20th century, a guard chain was attached to a watch, and also an item of clothing, such as a buttonhole or a waistcoat to prevent the loss of the watch. For ladies, the guard chains were used to hold the ladies fob watch securely and sometimes were long enough to be wrapped around the neck a number of times and worn as a necklace.
Gubi
Gubi is a Danish furniture company that was founded in 1967 by Gubi Olsen. The company is known for its reissues of mid-century modern furniture classics, as well as its collaborations with contemporary designers.
Gubi Olsen was born in Copenhagen in 1937. He studied architecture at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, and after graduating, he worked as an interior designer. In 1967, he founded Gubi, with the goal of bringing back into production some of the most iconic furniture designs of the mid-century modern era.
Gubi's first major success was the reissue of the Ant chair by Arne Jacobsen. The Ant chair was originally designed in 1952, but it had been out of production for many years. Gubi's reissue of the chair was a huge success, and it helped to establish the company as a leading force in the revival of mid-century modern design.
Over the years, Gubi has reissued many other classic mid-century modern designs, including the Egg chair by Arne Jacobsen, the Swan chair by Arne Jacobsen, and the Series 7 chair by Hans Wegner. The company has also collaborated with contemporary designers, such as Ronan & Erwan Bouroullec, Jaime Hayon, and Sebastian Herkner.
Gubi is known for its high-quality furniture and its commitment to design, with a presence in over 60 countries.
Gucci
It owns the brands Balenciaga, Bottega Veneta, Gucci, Alexander McQueen and Yves Saint Laurent.
Gucci is an Italian luxury brand that was founded in Florence, Italy, in 1921 by Guccio Gucci. Gucci started out as a small leather goods and luggage company, but it eventually grew into a global brand with a wide range of products, including clothing, accessories, and fragrances.
In the 1950s, Gucci began to expand internationally, opening stores in London, Paris, and New York. During this time, the brand became known for its iconic designs, including the Bamboo bag and the Horsebit loafer.
In the 1970s, Gucci faced a series of challenges, including family disputes and financial difficulties. The brand was eventually sold to a group of investors, and in the 1980s and 1990s, it underwent a period of rebranding and expansion.
In 1994, Tom Ford was appointed as creative director of Gucci, and he helped to revive the brand by introducing new designs and marketing strategies. Under Ford's leadership, Gucci became one of the most influential fashion brands of the late 1990s and early 2000s.
In 1999, Gucci became part of the Kering Group, a luxury goods conglomerate that also owns brands such as owns the brands Balenciaga, Bottega Veneta, Gucci, Alexander McQueen and Yves Saint Laurent.
Gucci produces a wide range of products across several categories. Some of the major product lines of Gucci include:
• Handbags: Gucci is known for its iconic handbags, such as the GG Marmont, Dionysus, and Soho bags.
• Shoes: Gucci offers a range of shoes, including sneakers, loafers, sandals, and boots.
• Clothing: Gucci produces a variety of clothing, including dresses, jackets, pants, and tops.
• Accessories: In addition to handbags and shoes, Gucci also produces a range of accessories, such as belts, sunglasses, jewelry, and watches.
• Fragrances: Gucci offers a collection of fragrances for men and women.
• Beauty: Gucci has a line of beauty products, including makeup and skincare.
• Home decor: Gucci produces a range of home decor items, such as candles, blankets, and pillows.
Gueridon
A guéridon is a small, circular or oval table, often supported by a central column or pedestal and three or four legs. The term "guéridon" is derived from the French word for "waiter" or "servant," reflecting its historical association with serving food or beverages. In the historical context, guéridons were commonly used in aristocratic and affluent households during the 18th and 19th centuries, and were often placed near chairs or sofas and served as a place to rest beverages, books, or decorative objects.
Guéridons can be found in various styles and materials, including wood, metal, and marble. They are often used as side tables, occasional tables, or plant stands, adding a decorative touch to a room while providing a functional surface for placing objects or displaying items.
They can feature elaborate ornamentation, such as carved details on the pedestal or legs, inlay work, or decorative motifs. Some guéridons may have additional features like drawers or shelves for storage. Due to their compact size, guéridons are well-suited for smaller spaces or as accent pieces in different areas of a room.
Gueridon
The French term originally the name for a small stand for a candelabrum, but now used to describe any small circular topped table or pedestal, often with an intermediate shelf and on three legs..
Guglet
A guglet is a long necked water bottle designed to keep water cool by evaporation. It received its name from the "gug-gug-gug" sound made when water was poured from it.
Guild of Handicraft
The Guild of Handicraft was a British craft workshop and community founded in 1888 by Charles Robert Ashbee, an architect and designer, and a group of like-minded craftsmen. The group was dedicated to the principles of the Arts and Crafts Movement, which advocated for the revival of traditional craft techniques and the rejection of mass production and industrialization.
The Guild was based in East London and produced a wide range of decorative and functional objects, including jewellery, furniture, metalwork, and textiles. The workshop employed a collective of skilled craftspeople who worked together to produce high-quality, handcrafted pieces. The Guild's work was highly regarded for its quality and design, and it won several awards at international exhibitions.
In 1902, the Guild relocated to Chipping Campden in the Cotswolds, where it continued to produce handcrafted objects until it disbanded in 1907. Many of the former members of the Guild went on to establish successful craft workshops and businesses of their own, and their work continued to influence the development of the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and beyond. The Guild of Handicraft is remembered as an important example of the ideals and practices of the Arts and Crafts Movement.
Guilloche
A form of classical decoration consisting of a repeating ornament of interlacing curved bands, sometimes forming circles, and further decorated with rosettes or other flower forms.
The name is derived from the inventor, French engineer Guillot, who invented a mechanical method of inscribing fine repeating patterns on to metallic surfaces.
On enamelled items with guilloche decoration, the surface is firstly engraved with the repeating pattern, and then covered with several layers of enamel, each of which is fired.
Where the item has not been enamelled the form of decoration is usually called "engine turned".
Guiness
The Guinness company was founded in 1759 in Dublin, Ireland, by Arthur Guinness. Initially, the company produced ales, but in the 1770s, it began producing the dark, stout beer that is now synonymous with the Guinness name. Over the years, Guinness became one of the most recognizable brands in the world, and its stout is now sold in over 150 countries.
The Guinness company has a rich history, including its involvement in sports, entertainment, and advertising. For example, in the early 20th century, Guinness sponsored sports teams and events, such as rugby and horse racing. In the 1930s and 1940s, Guinness began producing promotional posters and advertisements that are now considered iconic pieces of advertising history.
In terms of memorabilia, collectors seek a wide range of Guinness-related items, including:
• Advertising posters: Vintage Guinness posters, particularly those from the 1930s and 1940s, are highly sought after by collectors.
• Steins and glasses: Collectors often seek out Guinness-branded beer steins and glasses, particularly those with unique designs or limited edition releases.
• Signs and mirrors: Old Guinness signs and mirrors, particularly those from pubs or bars, can be valuable to collectors.
• Clothing and accessories: Collectors may seek out vintage Guinness t-shirts, hats, and other branded accessories.
• Sports memorabilia: Guinness has a long history of sponsoring sports teams and events, so collectors may seek out items such as rugby jerseys or horse racing programs.
There is a wide range of Guinness memorabilia that collectors seek, with vintage advertising posters and unique branded glassware being particularly popular.
Gul
A gul is a motif commonly used in Oriental carpets, originally based on a rose, usually of stylised geometric (octagonal) form. The different tribes each have their own versions of the gul, enabling association of a rug with a particular tribal area.
Gunda Pottery
Gunda Pottery was founded in 1956 by Gundaris Lusis (1928 – 1996), a Latvian immigrant who settled in Melbourne, Australia. Lusis was a trained potter and ceramic designer, and his work was strongly influenced by post-war European ceramics, particularly the work of Scandinavian and German potters.
The pottery initially produced a range of slip-cast earthenwares, which he sold at local markets and craft fairs. His work was quickly recognized for its sleek, modernist design and abstract decoration. Lusis also experimented with different glazes and techniques, and he developed a number of unique finishes, such as his signature blackware glaze.
Over the next two decades, Lusis produced hundreds of different models for the tourist, homeware, and giftware market. He worked alone, and he was constantly evolving his style.
Gunda Pottery was a major force in the development of Australian studio pottery and ceramic design in the mid-20th century. Lusis's work was exhibited widely, and it was collected by some of Australia's leading art institutions. He also taught pottery classes and workshops, and he inspired a generation of Australian potters.
Gunda Pottery ceased production in 1977, but Lusis's work continues to be highly sought-after by collectors and enthusiasts.
Gunni Omann
Gunni Omann (1930-2009) was a Danish furniture designer who was active during the mid-century modern period. He is best known for his elegant and functional designs, which often featured clean lines and geometric shapes. He was born in Horsens, Denmark, in 1930. He studied furniture design at the Danish School of Arts and Crafts in Copenhagen. After graduating, he worked for a number of Danish furniture manufacturers, including Omann Jun Møbelfabrik, which was founded by his father.
In the 1950s, Omann began to design his own furniture. His early designs were influenced by the Scandinavian design movement, which emphasized simplicity, functionality, and natural materials. Omann's furniture was often made from teak, rosewood, and other high-quality woods.
Omann's designs were well-received by critics and the public. He won numerous awards for his work, including the Lunning Prize in 1959 and the Danish Parliament's Furniture Prize in 1964. He continued to design furniture until his death in 2009. His work is still in high demand today, and his pieces are considered to be some of the most collectible mid-century modern furniture.
Some of Gunni Omann's most notable works include the Model 18 sideboard, designed in 1960, the Model 75 desk designed in 1958 and is another of Omann's most popular pieces which features a floating top, bookcases, and a drop-down compartment and the Rosewood Model 77 desk which features a clean, elegant design.
Gunthermann Toys
Gunthermann was a German toy company founded in 1826 in Nuremberg, Germany. It was one of the oldest and most respected toymakers in Germany, and its toys were known for their high quality and craftsmanship.
The company started out making simple tin toys, but it soon began to produce more complex and sophisticated toys, such as clockwork trains, automobiles, and airplanes. Gunthermann toys were also known for their beautiful lithographed designs.
The company's peak was in the early 20th century, when it was one of the leading toymakers in the world. However, it struggled during the Great Depression and World War II, and it eventually went out of business in 1960.
Despite its relatively short history, Gunthermann toys are keenly sought by collectors.
Gus & Betty Mclaren; Mclaren Pottery
William George (Gus) and Betty McLaren were a husband and wife team who founded McLaren Pottery in 1945 in Warrandyte, Victoria. Gus was born in Melbourne in 1923, while Betty was born in 1927.
Gus McLaren first developed an interest in pottery while serving in the Australian Army during World War II. After the war, he studied at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) and then went on to apprentice with some of the best potters in Europe, including Bernard Leach in England.
In 1955, McLaren returned to Australia and set up his own studio in Warrandyte, Victoria. Over the course of his career, he developed a unique style that combined traditional Japanese and European techniques with Australian influences. McLaren's work was highly sought after, and he was recognized as one of Australia's leading potters.
Together, they established a small pottery studio on their property in Warrandyte named Yarraridge Pottery, where they began producing handcrafted ceramic wares using locally sourced clays and glazes. Their early work was heavily influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and featured simple, functional designs with earthy colours and textures.
Over time, the McLarens developed their own unique style, incorporating bold, graphic patterns and bright colors into their work. They also experimented with new techniques, such as sgraffito (a form of decoration created by scratching through a surface layer of glaze to reveal a contrasting colour or texture underneath).
By the 1960s, McLaren Pottery had gained a reputation as one of Australia's leading ceramic studios, and their work was featured in exhibitions and galleries across the country. They also collaborated with other artists and designers, including the renowned Australian architect Robin Boyd.
Despite their success, the McLarens remained committed to their small-scale, handmade production methods, and their work continued to be highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts. Betty died in 2002 and Gus passed away in 2008.
Today, McLaren Pottery remains an important part of Australia's ceramic history, and examples of the McLauren's work can be found in museums and private collections around the world.
View further examples of Gus & Betty Mclaren; Mclaren Pottery
Gustav Becker Clock Company
Gustav Becker, born in 1819 in Germany, began his career as a clockmaker and established his own clockmaking workshop in Freiburg, Silesia (now Poland) in 1852, and the company quickly gained a reputation for producing high-quality clocks renowned for their precision, craftsmanship, and innovative designs The company initially focused on producing wall clocks and mantel clocks, but later expanded its product range to include longcase clocks (also known as grandfather clocks), bracket clocks, and regulator clocks.
Under Gustav Becker's leadership, the company prioritized excellence in manufacturing, employing skilled craftsmen and utilizing advanced production techniques. The clocks produced by Gustav Becker Clock Company were known for their accurate timekeeping and durability, often incorporating precision pendulum mechanisms and high-quality materials.
The Gustav Becker Clock Company achieved significant success and recognition, earning numerous awards at international exhibitions. The company's commitment to quality and innovation allowed it to compete with other renowned clock manufacturers of the time, such as Junghans and Kienzle.
After Gustav Becker's death in 1885, his sons, Hermann and Gustav Adolf Becker, took over the management of the company. Under their leadership, the Gustav Becker Clock Company continued to flourish and expanded its market reach internationally. The clocks produced during this period often featured intricate designs, including ornate wood carvings, inlaid detailing, and decorative dials.
The Gustav Becker Clock Company faced challenges in the early 20th century due to economic instability caused by World War I and the subsequent German hyperinflation. In 1926, the company merged with Junghans, another prominent German clock manufacturer. The Gustav Becker name continued to be used for a period, but eventually, the production of Gustav Becker-branded clocks ceased.
The clocks produced by the company are highly regarded by collectors and enthusiasts for their exceptional craftsmanship, precision, and timeless designs.
Gustavsberg Pottery
Gustavsberg is a Swedish ceramics company that was founded in 1826 by Johan Edvard Jacobsson, initially producing everyday household pottery. The company grew rapidly and began producing high-quality, decorative ceramics in the early 20th century, under the artistic direction of Wilhelm Kage, who was influenced by the Art Deco movement. Kage's designs for Gustavsberg pottery were characterized by bold, geometric forms and simple, elegant decoration.
In the mid-20th century, Gustavsberg expanded its product range to include tableware and decorative objects in a variety of styles, including Mid-Century Modern designs by Stig Lindberg, who was a prominent designer for the company in the 1940s and 1950s. Lindberg's work for Gustavsberg was characterized by playful, colourful designs and innovative use of materials and forms.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Gustavsberg produced a range of products designed by some of the most prominent Swedish designers of the time, including Ingegerd Raman and Per-Olof Strom.
In 2000 the business was purchased by German bathroom manufacturer Villeroy & Boch but continued manufacturing under the Gustavsberg name, specialising in sanitary ware at a new factory opened in 2015.
Gutta Percha
Gutta percha is a natural latex material that is derived from the sap of several tree species native to Southeast Asia. Due to its unique properties the material was widely used in the 19th century for a variety of applications, including insulation for telegraph cables, dental fillings, golf balls and in jewellery manufacture.
Gutta percha has been used in jewellery making for over a century. Its durability, malleability, and the fact that it can take on a high polish make it an ideal material for creating intricate jewellery designs.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, gutta percha was frequently used in mourning jewellery, which was worn to commemorate the loss of a loved one. It was often moulded into intricate designs that incorporated hair, photographs, and other mementos of the deceased. Gutta percha was also used in costume jewellery and imitation gemstones, as it could be moulded and coloured to resemble more expensive materials like jet, onyx, and tortoiseshell.
Gutta percha is still used by some jewellery makers, particularly those who specialize in vintage or antique styles. It is also used in contemporary jewellery designs, particularly in combination with other materials like gold, silver, or semi-precious stones. Because gutta percha is a natural material, it can vary in colour and texture, which gives each jewellery creation a unique character.
Gutta Percha
Gutta percha, introduced to Britain in 1843, is a synthetic plastic-like substance made from the latex of a several types of Malaysian trees, similar to a rubber tree, and used for a variety of purposes including jewellery, dolls, golf balls and cable insulation.
Guy Ngan
Guy Ngan was a New Zealand artist. He worked across a large range of media, including sculpture, painting, drawing, design and architecture, and is known for his incorporation of M?ori motifs such as the tiki. Many of his works are in prominent places, such as the tapestry in the Beehive and sculpture at the Reserve Bank, while many others are dotted around the country in smaller towns and suburban locations such as Stokes Valley.
He was born in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1926, to Chinese parents Wai Yin and Chin Ting. He was educated at Wellington Technical College, where he studied sculpture and wood carving. After leaving school, he worked as a cabinet maker and furniture maker. In 1944, he joined the New Zealand Army and served in the Pacific during World War II. After the war, he returned to New Zealand and resumed his studies at Wellington Technical College. In 1950, he won a scholarship to study at the Royal College of Art in London, where he graduated in 1954 with a Diploma in Design.
After returning to New Zealand, Ngan worked as a designer for the New Zealand Ministry of Works. In 1956, he set up his own design studio in Wellington. In 1960, he was appointed a lecturer in sculpture at the University of Auckland. He held this position until 1965, when he returned to Wellington to set up his own pottery studio.
Ngan's pottery is known for its bold use of color and its geometric forms. He often incorporated M?ori motifs into his work, such as the tiki. His work has been exhibited in galleries and museums around the world, and he is represented in the collections of the Auckland Art Gallery, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, and the National Gallery of Victoria.
In 1983, Ngan was awarded an OBE for services to the arts. He died in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, in 2017.
Guzzini
Guzzini is an Italian company known for its high-quality design and production of household products and lighting fixtures. Founded in 1912 by Enrico Guzzini in Recanati, Italy, the company initially started as a small metalware workshop producing metal kitchen utensils and household items. The business grew steadily, and by the 1930s, Guzzini had established itself as a reliable manufacturer of metal products.
In the post-World War II period, Guzzini underwent a significant transformation. The company began to experiment with new materials, particularly plastics and acrylics, which were becoming increasingly popular in design and manufacturing. This move towards plastic production marked a pivotal moment in Guzzini's history.
Guzzini gained recognition for its innovative designs and use of plastics. The company collaborated with renowned Italian designers, such as Luigi Massoni and Bruno Gecchelin, to create iconic products. One of the most famous Guzzini designs from this era is the "Giova" lamp designed by Luigi Massoni in 1964, which became a symbol of Italian design. Guzzini's stylish and functional products gained popularity not only in Italy but also internationally and the company expanded its distribution network and began exporting its products to various countries.
In the later 20th century Guzzini continued to innovate in design and materials throughout the 20th century. The company's product range expanded to include items like tableware, kitchen accessories, and home decor, all characterized by their modern and functional design.
Since 2000, Guzzini has maintained its commitment to design excellence and sustainability. They have developed products with a focus on eco-friendly materials and production methods while preserving their tradition of functional and stylish design.
Guzzini remains a family-owned business with a strong commitment to quality, design, and innovation.
Gwen Watson
Australian ceramicist Gwen Watson was was born in Perth in 1921 She was a pioneer of studio ceramics in Australia and played a significant role in establishing ceramics as a respected art form in the country.
She studied at the Perth Technical College before attending the National Art School in Sydney and later travelled to London where she studied ceramics at the Central School of Arts and Crafts. After returning to Australia, she established her own studio in Sydney where she worked for several years before moving to Melbourne.
Throughout her career, Watson's work was characterized by its simplicity and elegance. She was known for her use of muted colors and understated forms, often drawing inspiration from the natural world. Her pieces were often functional as well as beautiful, and she was particularly skilled at creating delicate, thin-walled vessels.
Watson's work was exhibited widely in Australia and internationally, and she was the recipient of many awards and honours throughout her career. In 1981, she was awarded the Order of Australia for her services to art.
Gwen Watson passed away in 1994.
Gwen Watson's work can be found in the collections of major institutions around the world, including the National Gallery of Australia, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. She is remembered as one of Australia's most important and influential ceramicists, and her legacy continues to inspire new generations of artists.
Gwyn Hanssen Pigott
Gwyn Hanssen Pigott (1935-2013) was an Australian ceramic artist known for her minimalist, functional, and elegantly crafted pottery. She was born in Ballarat, Victoria, and trained in pottery at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in the 1950s.
Pigott's work was heavily influenced by her travels and exposure to different cultures, including Japan, where she studied under the master potter Shoji Hamada. Her pottery is characterized by its simplicity, purity of form, and emphasis on the natural qualities of the clay and glazes she used.
Pigott's work has been exhibited widely both in Australia and internationally, and she was the recipient of numerous awards throughout her career. She was also a highly respected teacher, and her influence on the Australian ceramics scene is significant.
Her works are held in many important collections, including the National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.