World War II MBE, mid group of eight Awarded to Lt. J.C. Holden…
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World War II MBE, mid group of eight Awarded to Lt. J.C. Holden mounted on display bar: MBE military division (Gri); 1939-45 star; Africa star; 1939-45 Defence Medal, War Medal 1939-45 with oak leaf and Australia Service Medal 1939-45 all impressed 'VX113 J.C. Holden'; Australia long Service Medal impressed T/Qr-Mr and H/Lt. J.C. Holden A.I.C.; Meritorious Service Medal impressed '3/111 Maj. J.C. Holden A.P.A.'; with original fitted 'M.B.E. (Mily)' case
oak. Native to Europe and England, oak has been used for joinery, furniture and building since the beginning of the medieval civilisation. It is a pale yellow in colour when freshly cut and darkens with age to a mid brown colour.
Oak as a furniture timber was superceded by walnut in the 17th century, and in the 18th century by mahogany,
Semi-fossilised bog oak is black in colour, and is found in peat bogs where the trees have fallen and been preserved from decay by the bog. It is used for jewellery and small carved trinkets.
Pollard oak is taken from an oak that has been regularly pollarded, that is the upper branches have been removed at the top of the trunk, result that new branches would appear, and over time the top would become ball-like. . When harvested and sawn, the timber displays a continuous surface of knotty circles. The timber was scarce and expensive and was used in more expensive pieces of furniture in the Regency and Victorian periods.
The buyers premium is an additional percentage charge on the hammer price of the item, imposed by the auction house to cover administrative costs. The buyers premium percentage varies between auction houses, with a range of 12.5% to 22%.
